WORKS OF MENCIUS

處何辭 不必在

也

薛 日 也
餽:

是則

遠皆子

則餽有子行是必則 貸未之戒何行也居

it in the latter cases was wrong. If your accepting it in the latter

cases was right, your declining to do so in the first case was wrong.

You must accept, Master, one of these alternatives.'

2. Mencius said, 'I did right in all the cases.

3. 'When I was in Sung, I was about to take a long journey. Travellers must be provided with what is necessary for their expenses. The prince's message was, "A present against travelling-expenses.' Why should I have declined the gift?

4. ' When I was in Hsieh, I was apprehensive for my safety, and taking measures for my protection. The message was, "I have heard that you are taking measures to protect yourself, and send this to help you in procuring arms." Why should I have declined the gift?

5. But when I was in Ch'i, I had no occasion for money. To send a man a gift when he has no occasion for it, is to bribe him. How is it possible that a superior man should be taken with a bribe?' Chi. 前日今日, mark the relation of written as from the point of view of the prince time between the cases simply. 今日 is not it was requisite to use the ceremony of to be taken as = tto-day. 必居一於此...we must paraphrase 戒心 considerably literally, 'must occupy (dwell in) one of these 4. We must paraphrase considerably (places).’ The meaning is that on either of to bring out the meaning. in 4th tone. the suppositions he would be judged to have , a weapon of war,' or the character may

of Sung:-in regard to travellers, he considered

done wrong. 3. 盡 or 4, 'a gift to a traveller be taken here for a weapon-bearer, a soldier.. against the expenses of his journey. 必以5.未有處也,Julien says,tsicut nos

,-it is difficult to assign its precise force to Gallice; il n'y a pas lieu a,' but if it were so then I consider the whole clause to bel would be the noun. in the 4th tone, whereas it

I.

受距 四 羸 多待三

所幾溝年

受人之牛羊而爲之牧之

距心之所得爲也日今有

千壑饑

16 矣。者

歲

然伍之

子失

日子之持戟之士一

一失伍則去之否平日

醫孟子之平陸謂其大夫

散之伍乎

此而民也

非之老亦不而夫

CHAP. IV. 1. Mencius having gone to Ping-lû, addressed the governor of it, saying, 'If one of your spearmen should lose his place in the ranks three times in one day, would you, Sir, put him to death or not?’‘I would not wait for three times to do so,' was the reply.

2. Mencius said, 'Well then, you, Sir, have likewise lost your place in the ranks many times. In bad calamitous years, and years of famine, the old and feeble of your people, who have been found lying in the ditches and water-channels, and the able-bodied, who have been scattered about to the four quarters, have amounted to several thousand.' The governor replied, 'That is a state of things in which it does not belong to me Chu-hsin to act.'

3. ‘Here,’said Mencius, is a man who receives charge of the cattle and sheep of another, and undertakes to feed them for him ;

is the verb in the grd, = 'to manage,' ' to dispose | 3rd tone, 'to away with' Commentators concur in the meaning given in the translation.

of'未有處-未有所處

4. How MENCIUS BROUGHT CONVICTION OF THEIR

FAULTS HOME TO THE KING AND AN OFFICER OF CH't.

之 is the verb =往:Ping-lû was a city

the southern border of Ch'i;–in the present

department of Yen-chau in Shan-tung. The officer's name, as we learn from the last para

graph, was K'ung Chü-hsin. 大夫 here = 宰, Governor'or (Commandant.. The 戟 is

on

2.

凶年云云—compare Bk. I. Pt. II.

xii. 2. Julien finds a difficulty in the 'several

of Pring-ld. But it was Mencius's way to talk roundly. To make 千人

thousand,' as not applicable to the population

" one thousand,' we

must read 幾, in rst tone, and suppose the

preposition 平 suppressed. The meaning of

the officer's reply is that to provide for such

a state of things, by opening the granaries variously described. Some say it had three and other measures, devolved on the supreme points; others that it had a branch or blade on authority of the State, and not on him. 3. Com.

one side. No doubt, its form varied. 去 the pare 非身之所能為Bk. I. Pt. II.xv.2.

靈關則孔臣日與其求者

丘孟寡距知見曰人牧則 五 於此平

靈丘而請士師似也爲其

墨子盖子謂蛞売日子之辭

其辭

罪王焉 日,

之 人王
王則

也誦知 王

得牧

之其他

王罪矯

日 者都也其

此惟者,他死 諸

of course he must search for pasture-ground and grass for them. If, after searching for those, he cannot find them, will he return his

charge to the owner? or will he stand by and see them die?'

'Herein,' said the officer, I am guilty.’

4. Another day, Mencius had an audience of the king, and said to him, 'Of the governors of your Majesty's cities I am acquainted with five, but the only one of them who knows his faults is K'ung Chü-hsin.' He then repeated the conversation to the king, who said, In this matter, I am the guilty one.'

CHAP. V. 1. Mencius said to Chi Wâ, There seemed to be reason in your declining the governorship of Ling-ch'it, and requesting to be appointed chief criminal judge, because the latter office would afford you the opportunity of speaking your views. Now The first is the verb; the second a noun, brothers of the princes were called ; in

= pasture-grounds 諸-於其人-fact, every city with an ancestral temple con‘the man,' i.e. their owner. 抑亦the cities from which nobles and great officers force of the 亦 istor—here is another sup. derived their support were called 都爲 position—will he, &c. ?' Mencius means that 王篇 in 4th tone.

| taining the tablets of former rulers. (3) The

Chü-hsin should not hold office in such circumstances.

見 in sth tone. 爲都者

5. THE FREEDOM BELONGING TO MENCIUS IN

RELATION TO THE MEASURES OF THE KING OF CH't

FROM HIS PECULIAR POSITION, AS UNSALARIED,

I.

has the sense of 'to administer, to Of Chi Wa we only know what is stated here. govern;' compare Analects, IV. xiii. -Ling-ch'iû is supposed to have been a city on properly 'a capital city, but also used more the borders of Ch'i, remote from the court, Ch'T generally. In the dictionary we find:-(I) W& having declined the governorship of it, that Where the sovereign has his palace is called 都 be might be near the king 士師es (2) The cities conferred on the sons and younger Bk. I. Pt. II. vi. 2. 爲其可以言一

我去之不

致以可

退無有也知竈為言以 言有也。則臣

進退豈不綽綽然有餘

孟子爲卿於齊出弔於

主責官公善而

我者

者守都去。今 矣 無不者子所齊諫旣 不以以人於數

則以不

責其

告。自

職吾

滕哉吾去 去則聞吾 為用,可

several months have elapsed, and have you yet found nothing of which you might speak ??

2. On this, Ch'i Wa remonstrated on some matter with the king, and, his counsel not being taken, resigned his office and went away. 3. The people of Ch'i said, 'In the course which he marked out for Ch'i Wa he did well, but we do not know as to the course which he pursues for himself."'

4. His disciple Kung-tû told him these remarks.

5. Mencius said, I have heard that he who is in charge of an office, when he is prevented from fulfilling its duties, ought to take his departure, and that he on whom is the responsibility of giving his opinion, when he finds his words unattended to, ought to do the But I am in charge of no office; on me devolves no duty of speaking out my opinion:-may not I therefore act freely and without any constraint, either in going forward or in retiring?'

same.

CHAP. VI. r. Mencius, occupying the position of a high dignitary in Ch'i, went on a mission of condolence to Tăng. The king literally, 'because of the possibility to speak.' | tion. 4. Kung-tû was a disciple of Mencius. As criminal judge, Ch'i Wa would be often in See Bk. III. Pt. II. ix. 1; et al. 5. We find the communication with the king, and could remon- phrase with the same meanstrate on any failures in the administration of 致,ing as the more enlarged form in the text.

justice that came under his notice. 2.

MENCIUS'S BEHAVIOUR WITH AN UNWORTHY

‘to resign,' ‘give up,' as in Analects, I. vii, et al. ASSOCIATE. 1. 'Occupied the position of a high 3. 所以爲 (in 3rd tone), literally, whereby dignitary:'-so I translate here 爲鄉

for, 所以爲之處, as in the transla- Mencius's situation appears to have been only

知止孟嘅 虞於子

不齊

夫而齊丑未王

嬴

與 朝蓋 卿之暮大

使請於何

不事齊罐

虞日魯言何為也滕為 敦前反哉也反小公之輔 匠日,於 日之孫路行

also sent Wang Hwan, the governor of Ka, as assistant-commissioner. Wang Hwan,morning and evening, waited upon Mencius, who, during all the way to Tang and back, never spoke to him about the business of their mission.

2. Kung-sun Ch'au said to Mencius, 'The position of a high dignitary of Ch'î is not a small one; the road from Ch'i to Tăng is not short. How was it that during all the way there and back, you never spoke to Hwan about the matters of your mission?' Mencius replied, There were the proper officers who attended to them. What occasion had I to speak to him about them?'

CHAP. VII. 1. Mencius went from Ch'i to Lu to bury his mother. On his return to Ch'i, he stopped at Ying, where Ch'ung Yü begged to put a question to him, and said, 'Formerly, in ignorance of my incompetency, you employed me to superintend the making of the coffin. As you were then pressed by the urgency of the business,

honorary, without emolument, and the king|'Now there were some –i.e. the proper officers

employed him on this occasion to give weight 一治之,(who attended to them.' The glo

by his character to the mission. The officer of

sarist of Chao Ch'i understands this as spoken

蓋 (read ki) was an unworthy favourite of the of Wang:' He perhaps attended to them" king., not to assist him on the jour-i.e. he thought that he knew all about them, and never put any questions to me; but the ney, 'but with reference to.what was the business view adopted is more natural, and gives more

(所行)of it. 見-4th tone. 反implies point to Mencius's explanation of his conduct.

the 往or‘going,' as well as ' returning.. BURIAL OF HIS PARENTS;-ILLUSTRATED BY MEN齊卿之位 refers to Wang Hwan, who cruE'S BURIAL OF HEE MOTHER. Compare Bk, I.

2.

Pt. II. xvi. I. The tradition is that Mencius

had been temporarily raised to that dignity for had his mother with him in Chi, and that he

the occasion. (in and tone) carried her body to the family sepulchre in Lâ.