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§ 57. Philosophy as the Interpretation of Life................. 152
58. Philosophy as the Extension of Science....... 154
§ 59. The Historical Differentiation of the Philosoph-
ical Problem.. . . . . .
155
§ 60. Metaphysics Seeks a Most Fundamental Con-
ception..
157
§ 61. Monism and Pluralism..
159
§ 62. Ontology and Cosmology Concern Being and
Process.
160
162
§ 63. Mechanical and Teleological Cosmologies.
§ 64. Dualism...
§ 65. The New Meaning of Monism and Pluralism... 163
§ 66. Epistemology Seeks to Understand the Possi-
bility of Knowledge . . . . .
164
§ 67. Scepticism, Dogmatism, and Agnosticism.... 166
§ 68. The Source and Criterion of Knowledge ac-
cording to Empiricism and Rationalism.
Mysticism..
§ 69. The Relation of Knowledge to its Object ac-
cording to Realism, and the Representative
Theory..
168
172
§ 70. The Relation of Knowledge to its Object ac-
cording to Idealism....
175
§ 71. Phenomenalism, Spiritualism, and Panpsy-
chism....
176
§ 72. Transcendentalism, or Absolute Idealism..... 177
CHAPTER VII. THE NORMATIVE SCIENCES AND THE
PROBLEMS OF RELIGION
180
§ 73. The Normative Sciences..
§ 74. The Affiliations of Logic.
182
$75. Logic Deals with the Most General Conditions
of Truth in Belief......
183
§ 76. The Parts of Formal Logic. Definition, Self-
evidence, Inference, and Observation
184
§ 77. Present Tendencies. Theory of the Judgment. 187
78. Priority of Concepts..
§ 79. Esthetics Deals with the Most General Con-
ditions of Beauty. Subjectivistic and For-
malistic Tendencies
188
189
§ 80. Ethics Deals with the Most General Conditions
of Moral Goodness..
191
§ 84. Duty and Freedom. Ethics and Metaphysics 196
§ 85. The Virtues, Customs, and Institutions.
198
§ 86. The Problems of Religion. The Special In-
terests of Faith
199
§ 87. Theology Deals with the Nature and Proof of
§ 91. God and the World. Theism and Pantheism.. 205
§ 92. Deism
206
§ 93. Metaphysics and Theology
207
§ 94. Psychology is the Theory of the Soul..
208
95. Spiritual Substance...
209
§ 96. Intellectualism and Voluntarism...
210
§ 97. Freedom of the Will. Necessitarianism, De-
terminism, and Indeterminism...
211
§ 98. Immortality. Survival and Eternalism..
212
§ 99. The Natural Science of Psychology. Its Prob-
lems and Method
213
§ 100. Psychology and Philosophy
216
§ 101. Transition from Classification by Problems to
Classification by Doctrines. Naturalism.
Subjectivism. Absolute Idealism. Absolute
Realism
217
§ 106. The Development of the Conceptions of Phys-
ical Science. Space and Matter.......... 228
§ 107. Motion and its Cause. Development and Ex-
tension of the Conception of Force.... 231
§ 108. The Development and Extension of the Con-
ception of Energy...
109. The Claims of Naturalism
§ 110. The Task of Naturalism..
§ 111. The Origin of the Cosmos..
§ 112. Life. Natural Selection
.......
236
239
241
242
244
§ 117. Knowledge. Positivism and Agnosticism... 252
§ 118. Experimentalism
.....
255
§ 119. Naturalistic Epistemology not Systematic... 256
§ 120. General Ethical Stand-point.
258
§ 121. Cynicism and Cyrenaicism.
259
§ 122. Development of Utilitarianism. Evolution-
ary Conception of Social Relations..
260
§ 123. Naturalistic Ethics not Systematic
262
§ 124. Naturalism as Antagonistic to Religion.....
§ 125. Naturalism as the Basis for a Religion of Ser-
vice, Wonder, and Renunciation...
SUBJECTIVISM
263
265
CHAPTER IX.
267
§ 126. Subjectivism Originally Associated with Rel-
ativism and Scepticism...
§ 127. Phenomenalism and Spiritualism.
271
§ 128. Phenomenalism as Maintained by Berkeley.
The Problem Inherited from Descartes and
Locke.......
272
§ 129. The Refutation of Material Substance...
§ 130. The Application of the Epistemological Prin-
275
§ 136. Panpsychism.....
§ 134. Berkeley's Spiritualism. Immediate Knowl-
edge of the Perceiver..
§ 135. Schopenhauer's Spiritualism, or Voluntarism.
Immediate Knowledge of the Will.......
§ 137. The Inherent Difficulty in Spiritualism. No
Provision for Objective Knowledge
284
285
287
288
§ 138. Schopenhauer's Attempt to Universalize Sub-
jectivism. Mysticism
290
§ 139. Objective Spiritualism..
292
§ 140. Berkeley's Conception of God as Cause, Good-
ness, and Order....
293
§ 141. The General Tendency of Subjectivism to
Transcend Itself
297
§ 142. Ethical Theories. Relativism
298
§ 143. Pessimism and Self-denial
299
§ 148. The Philosopher's Task, and the Philosopher's
Object, or the Absolute..
306
§ 149. The Eleatic Conception of Being.
309
§ 150. Spinoza's Conception of Substance...
311
§ 151. Spinoza's Proof of God, the Infinite Substance.
The Modes and the Attributes..
312
§ 152. The Limits of Spinoza's Argument for God.. 315
§ 153. Spinoza's Provision for the Finite...
317
§ 154. Transition to Teleological Conceptions
§ 155. Early Greek Philosophers not Self-critical.... 319
§ 156. Curtailment of Philosophy in the Age of the
Sophists..
319
§ 157. Socrates and the Self-criticism of the Phi-
losopher
321
§ 158. Socrates's Self-criticism a Prophecy of Truth. 323
§ 159. The Historical Preparation for Plato..... 324
§ 160. Platonism: Reality as the Absolute Ideal or
Good..
326
§ 161. The Progression of Experience toward God.. 329
§ 162. Aristotle's Hierarchy of Substances in Rela-
tion to Platonism ...
332
§ 163. The Aristotelian Philosophy as a Reconcilia-
tion of Platonism and Spinozism....
335
§ 164. Leibniz's Application of the Conception of
Development to the Problem of Imperfec-
tion...
§ 165. The Problem of Imperfection Remains Un-
solved
336
338