WINDELBAND: History of Ancient Philosophy. Trans Cushman. (Very accurate and also brief.)
ZELLER: Pre-Socratic Philosophy. Translation by Socrates and the Socratic Schools. Translati Reichel. (Full and accurate.)
GOMPERZ: Greek Thinkers. Translated by Magnus, volumes. (Very full; especially on Plato.
BURNET: Early Greek Philosophy. (Translations of ments, with commentary.)
FAIRBANKS: The First Philosophers of Greece. (Transk of fragments, with commentary.) TURNER: History of Philosophy. (Excellent account Scholastic philosophy.)
ROYCE: The Spirit of Modern Philosophy. (Very illum ating introductory exposition of modern ideals.
FALCKENBERG: History of Modern Philosophy. HOEFFDING: History of Modern Philosophy. Translation ↳ Meyer, in two volumes. (Full and good.)
SOLUTE, the, 307, 309, 332, $91, 392, 400, 404; being, 308; substance, 312; ideal, 326; spirit, 349 (note), 358 f.; mind, 349 (note), 358, 380, 322 ff.
SOLUTE IDEALISM, chap. xi; general meaning, 177, 349 (note), 400; criticism of, 349, 365, 385, 411, 416; epistemol- ogy of, 368 ff.; as related to Kant, 380; direct argu- ment for, 383; ethics of, 386 ff.; religion of, 390 ff.; of present day, 402 ff., 410. BSOLUTE REALISM, chap. x; general meaning, 306 (note), 400; epistemology of, 339; ethics of, 342; religion of, 346; criticism of, 338, 416. ABSTRACT, the, 139. ACTIVITY, 209, 285, 295. ESTHETICS, 189.
AGNOSTICISM, 168, 252 ff. ANAXAGORAS, 239; quoted, 162. ANAXIMANDER, 224. ANSELM, SAINT, 200. ANTHROPOMORPHISM, 109. APPRECIATION, 25, 402. ARISTOTLE, in formal logic, 186; ethics of, 195, 345; psy- chology of, 208; philosophy of, 306, 332 ff.; and Plato, 333, 336; and Spinoza, 336; epistemology of, 339; religion of, 346, 429; on evil, 353. ATOMISM, 166, 229. Also see under LEUCIPPUS, and DE-
BAAL, religion of, 88. BACON, FRANCIS, on thought and action, 430.
BALFOUR, A. J., on materialism, 264.
BEAUTY, in æsthetics, 189; in Plato, 327, 332.
BEING, Eleatic conception of, 308 ff.
BELIEF, key to definition of re- ligion, 58; general characters applied to religion, 59 ff.; in persons and dispositions, 62; examples of religions, 66 ff.; object of religions, 65, 82, 97; relation to logic, 182, 183. BENTHAM, 262.
BERKELEY, on idealism, 176;
relation to common-sense, 267; his refutation of ma- terial substance, 275 ff.; epis- temology of, 277, 296, 369; theory of mathematics, 279; his spiritualism, 280, 284, 292; his conception of God, 284, 293; ethics of, 302; re- ligion of, 304. BUDDHISM, 78.
CAUSE, in science, 131; God as first, 203; of motion, 231 ff.; spirit as, 293 ff. CHRISTIANITY, persistence of, 76; essence of, 86; develop- ment from Judaism, 94; ethics of, 195, 198, 386; idea of God in, 200 ff., 205; em- phasis on self-consciousness in, 372. COMTE, 115.
CONTEMPLATION, 428. CONVERSION, 69 ff.
CORPOREAL BEING, 224; proc- esses of, 225; Berkeley's critique of, 278; historical conceptions of, 229.
COSMOLOGICAL PROOF, the, of God, 203.
COSMOLOGY, general meaning of, 159; mechanism in, 161, 225; teleology in, 161. COSMOS, origin of, 242. CRITICAL METHOD, 319 ff. CYNICISM, 259. CYRENAICISM, 259.
DANTE, as philosopher-poet, 42 ff.; general meaning of the Divine Comedy, 43; and Thomas Aquinas, 43, 46; his vision of the ways of God, 46; on contemplation, 428. DARWIN, 204. DEISM, 207. DEMOCRITUS, 247. Also see ATOMISM. DESCARTES, on function philosophy, 154; dualism of, 272, 412; his theory of space and matter, 229; automa- tism of, 248; epistemology of, 341, 375; his conception of self, 374.
DESCRIPTION, as method of science, 128.
DIALECTIC, in Plato, 320; in Hegel, 361.
DIOGENES, 259. DOGMATISM, 167.
DUALISM, general
162; of Descartes, 272, 412.
DUTY, 196, 356, 360, 386.
ELEATICS. See under PARMEN- IDES, and ZENO.
EMERSON, on spirit, 359; on nature, 364; on absolute, 392; on necessity, 393; on faith, 424.
EMPIRICISM, general meaning, 168; in logic, 187; in natural- ism, 252 ff.; of Locke, 274; of Berkeley, 274 ff. ENERGY, development of, con- ception of, 236 ff. EPISTEMOLOGY, relation metaphysics, 150; definition of, 164; fundamental prob- lems of, 168, 172; argument
for God from, 202; of ralism, 248, 252 ff.. 25 Descartes, 273, 341, Berkeley, 277, 296, x solute realism, 339, 32 Leibniz, 340, 341; of F 340, 341; of Hume, 37 Aristotle, 340, 341; of lute idealism, 351, 36 of present day, 408 ff. ETERNAL, the, 309. ETHER, 230.
ETHICS, relation to metart- ics, 151, 196 ff., 360; its r in Socratic method. definition of, 191; per problems and theories 191 ff.; of Socrates, 192, 1- of Aristotle, 195, 345: naturalism, 258 ff.; of so jectivism, 298 ff.; of Schope hauer, 299; argument in God from, 203; individ ism in, 301; pluralism in, 421; of Stoics and Spinees 342; Platonic, 342; of Kar 386; of absolute ideals 388.
EUDÆMONISM, 195. EVIL, PROBLEM OF, 317.3 339, 352, 365 ff.; in Grees philosophy, 352; in absoire idealism, 367, 418. EVOLUTION, of cosmos, 242 E. of morality, 262.
EXPERIENCE, 410, 411, 412 analysis of, by Kant, 354.
FAITH, 424; special interests of 199. See also RELIGION & BELIEF.
FERGUSON, CHAS., quoted. 265 FICHTE, 360, 402. FIELDING, H., quoted on re ligion, 59, 74.
FORCE, development of con ception of, 231 ff. FORM, in Aristotle, 334. FREEDOM, in ethics, 196, 388; meanings and theories, 211.
GOD, as guarantee of ideals, 18, 425; personality of, 62, 108 ff.; St. Augustine's commun- ion with, 68; presence of, 68;
a disposition from which -nsequences may be ex- ected, 85; meaning of, in ligion, 87; idea of, in Juda- m and Christianity, 92; hy historical, 102; social elation with, 103; the onto- ogical proof of, 200; ethical nd epistemological argu- ments for, 202; cosmological proof of, 203; teleological proof of, 204; relation to the vorld, in theism; pantheism and deism, 205 ff.; will of, 212; conception of, in Berke ey, 284, 293 ff.; conception and proof of, in Spinoza, 312 ff., 392, 393; conception of, in Plato, 331, 352, 391, 393; conception of, in Leib- niz, 338, 353. Also see AB-
OETHE, on Spinoza, and on philosophy, 51; on pragma- tism, 407.
-OOD, the, theories of, in ethics, 191 ff.; and the real, 326 ff., 421 ff.
GREEK, religion, in Homer and Lucretius, 89; ideals, 195, 198, 429.
GREEN, T. H., quoted, 369, 385 (note).
HAECKEL, quoted, 236, 266. HEDONISM, 192.
HEGEL, on science, 129; philos- ophy of, 150, 361 ff.; rela- tion to Kant, 381; on the ab- solute, 382; ethics of, 390. HERACLITUS, 308. HISTORY, philosophy of, in Hegel, 363.
HOBBES, his misconception of relations of philosophy and science, 115; quoted on eth- ics, 261.
HOLBACH, 251, 252.
HOMER, on Greek religion, 90. HUMANISM, 320, 404, 405. HUME, positivism of, 115, 377; phenomenalism of, 283; and Descartes, 376. HUXLEY, quoted, 255, 266. HYLOZOISM, 225.
IDEAL, the, in Plato, 326; valid- ity of, 416. IDEALISM, various meanings of term, 173 (note); meaning of, as theory of knowledge, 175 ff., 409; of present day, 409 ff.; empirical, see SUBJEC- TIVISM, PHENOMENALISM, SPIRITUALISM; absolute, see ABSOLUTE IDEALISM. IDEALS, in life, 10 ff.; adoption of, 17 ff.
IDEAS, the, in Plato, 329. IMAGINATION, in poetry, 99;
place of, in religion, 80, 97 ff.; special functions of, in religion, 101 ff.; scope of, in religion, 105 ff.; and the personality of God, 110. IMITATIO CHRISTI, quoted, 68. IMMANENCE THEORY, 412, 413. IMMORTALITY, 212.
INDIVIDUALISM, 301, 320, 338, 404. INTUITIONISM, in ethics, 196.
JAMES, WILLIAM, quoted on re- ligion, 65, 71, 305. JUDAISM, development of, 92; and Christianity, 94.
KANT, his transcendentalism, 177, 356; his critique of knowledge, 354 ff., 377 ff.; and absolute idealism, 380; ethics of, 386.
KEPLER, quoted, 129. KNOWLEDGE, of the means in life, 8; of the end, 10; in poetry, 27 ff.; in religion, 82, 85, 97, 105; general theory of, on epistemology, 164 ff.; problem of source and cri- terion of, 168 ff.; problem of relation to its object, 172 ff., 277, 340, 351, 368 ff.; rela- tion of logic to, 183 ff.; ac- count of, in naturalism, 253 ff.
Also see EPISTEMOLOGY. LA METTRIE, quoted, 250. LA PLACE, 242; quoted, 241. LEIBNIZ, on function of philos- ophy, 155; philosophy of, 333, 336 ff.; epistemology of, 339.
LEUCIPPUS, quoted, 161. LIFE, as a starting-point for thought, 3; definition of, 5 ff.; and self-consciousness, 6; philosophy of 17 ff., 153; mechanical theory of, 244 ff.; return of philosophy to, 427 ff.; contemplation in, 428. LOCKE, epistemology of, 273. LOGIC, origin in Socratic meth- od, 181; affiliations of, 182, 188; definition of, 183; parts of formal, 184 ff.; present tendencies in, 187 ff.; alge- bra of, 189.
LUCRETIUS, his criticism of Greek religion, quoted, 89 ff.; on mechanism, 226, 240.
MCTAGGART, J. M. E., on Hegel, 367; on the absolute, 391. MACH, E., 283; on philosophy and science, 120. MALEBRANCHE, 376. MARCUS AURELIUS, 348. MATERIALISM, 254, 256; gen- eral meaning, 223, 414; de- velopment, 224 ff.; and science, 228; French, 249; theory of mind in, 250. MATHEMATICS, importance in science, 132; logic in, 188; Berkeley's conception of, 279; Plato's conception of, 329, 335; Spinoza's concep- tion of, 311, 335. MATTER, 225, 228; and space, 229; Berkeley's refutation of, 275 ff.; in Plato and Aristotle, 334. MECHANICAL THEORY, practi- cal significance of its exten- sion to the world at large, 20; in cosmology, 161, 225; of Descartes, 231; of Newton 232; of origin of cosmos, 242; of life, 244; in Spinoza, 336. METAPHYSICS, relation to epis- temology, 150; relation to ethics, 151, 196 ff.; definition of, 158; relation to logic, 188; relation to theology, 207; present tendencies in, 399 ff., 408.
MILL, J. S., 283 (nate). MIND, explanation of 1 uralism, 237, 247 ff., i in Berkeley, 284, 24 absolute, 349 (note 382 ff. Also see uncers and SOUL.
MODE, in Spinoza, 313 MONADS, in Leibniz, 32 MONISM, 159, 163. MORALITY, and religi grounds of, accord Kant, 356; incentiver MYSTICISM, general
171; Schopenhauer's types of religions, 391
NAEGELI, C. v., quoted. NATURAL SCIENCE, true to tions of, with philos 116; sphere of, with refe to philosophy, 117 f.: osophy of, its procedure, 135, 142, 154, 401; orig as special interest, 123 human value of, 126, 143; method and fundame al conceptions of, 406, L ff.; general development. 134; limits of, because stract, 136 ff., 414; vah of, 142; logic and, 188 velopment of conceptions 229 ff.; grounds of, accor to Kant, 355, 377; Hume 377; permanence and pre ress in, 395 ff. NATURAL SELECTION, 204, 245 NATURALISM, chap. viii; ge eral meaning, 217, 223 ( 399; claims of, 239; task 241; criticism of, 117, 257 263; of present day, 405, 412 Also see under MATERIALISM. and POSITIVISM. NATURE, 160, 244, 337; Berkeley, 294; in Spinoza 317, 338; in Hegel, 363 Kant, 377 ff.; in conten porary philosophy, 40 Also see NATURAL SCIENCE, and NATURALISM. NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS, 242 NECESSITY, of will, 211; ethics of, 342; religion of, 393,
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