caribou, and it is with difficulty they are secured by rifle and bullet. He sees that the food supply of the country is practically gone, and that there is no future for his people unless a new food supply is furnished. This he sees to be through the introduction of domestic reindeer, and for himself and his family desires an early opportunity of learning how to have and care for the new food supply. As he was indorsed by the missionary, I agreed to take him, and securing permission from Captain Tuttle, brought him on board the ship with his wife Toakluk, his son Chowlock, his daughter Neuta, and his adopted daughters Kontelow and Ahlahle. Mr. John W. Kelly, who has been in the arctic region for eleven years, also sought and received permission to return south with the Bear.

Having received on board the annual mail and finished our work at Point Barrow, at 3.45 p. m. August 15 the Bear got under way for the south, working slowly through the heavy drift ice.

During the 16th Point Belcher was passed. The whaling schooners Rosario and Mermaid were met and their mail taken on board. All day the cutter Bear worked her way through the drift ice. On the 17th we finally got out of the Arctic ice into clear water, and after a most gorgeous sunset, at 11.50 midnight, anchored off the Corwin coal mine for fresh water. The forenoon of August 18 was consumed by the crew in getting fresh water. Two of the officers went ashore to hunt ptarmigan. While tramping over the tundra they found the tent, clothing, and skeleton of a white man; also his sled and other belongings. As no white man is known to be missing, and as neither natives nor white men in the vicinity knew anything about it, the dead man must have been a prospector who had come alone across the wilderness the previous winter, and worn out, perhaps out of provisions, had starved and perished upon that bleak shore of the Arctic Ocean. Since his remains have been found, the people at Point Hope, 60 miles away, recall the fact that during the previous winter two unknown and half-starved sled dogs had come to the village.

Having watered ship, at 1.30 p. m. anchor was hoisted and we stood to the westward to round Cape Lisbourne, where we have always found a rough sea, and this year was no exception. At 10.30 a. m. the ship anchored off Cooper's whaling station, Point Hope, and the stores, the whalebone, and fifteen sailors of the wrecked schooner Hidalgo were received on board for passage to Unalaska; also the whalebone from the whaling bark Gay Head; also mails for the south were received from the whalers and the village. The herder Ahlook, whom I had brought to Point Hope to visit his friends, also returned on board, and at 5.30 p. m. the anchor was hoisted and we started for Kotzebue Sound, passing Cape Krusenstern on the morning of August 20. About 6 p. in. in the afternoon we took in tow four umiaks with their loads of people en route to Kotzebue Sound, and at 9.30 p. m. anchored off Cape Blossom. During the night large numbers of natives came on board from shore, but as the sea began to be very rough, they left for land, and at 9 a. m. on the 21st the vessel got under way for shelter, which it secured at 2.25 p. m. near Choris Peninsula. We reached that place at noon, none too early, as the storm had increased to a gale.

It had been expected that the steam launch would be sent to Elephant Point to investigate the unusual quantity of the bones of the mammoth which have been exposed by the elements at that point. But during the morning of August 22, the weather continuing stormy and the gale apparently increasing, the captain concluded to go to sea, and at 11.15 a. m. we got under way and drove before the storm. At 5.50 p. m. Cape Krusenstern was abeam, and at 8.55 p. m. the west point of Cape Espenberg was abeam. During Sunday, August 23, it alternately snowed and rained, the wind blowing a gale. As the steamer could make no headway against the storm, we sailed with the wind, and were taken a long distance westward out of our course. At 11.25 on the 24th ice appeared ahead of us, and all afternoon we steamed through heavy drift ice. About 5 p.m. East Cape, Siberia, loomed up in the distance through the fog, and as we approached it made a beautiful sight. East Cape and the Diomede Islands were covered with freshfallen snow from summit down to the water's edge. The ship attempted to make Whalen Village, Siberia, but found that the ice was packed from the shore 5 miles out to sea. We then turned and tried to make East Cape, Siberia, but again we were headed off by the ice, which was packed to sea 3 miles out from the cape. At midnight the captain gave up the struggle and allowed the steamer to drift, until the following morning he could make another attempt to reach East Cape. But with the coming of the morning, August 25, the situation was no better, and giving up the attempt to reach East Cape, the ship skirted around the south end of the ice floe, and at 8 o'clock came to anchor in clear water in the bight south of East Cape. A number of umiak loads of Siberians came on board to see the physi cian and do some trading.

EDUCATION REPORT, 1895-96.

At 11.10 a. m., the thick fog clearing up, the ship got under way and stood for the Siberian village on Ratmanoff Island, one of the Diomedes, where we anchored at 3.23 p. m. Three loads of Siberians came off to the ship. Stopping for an hour, we were again under way for the American side of the Straits, but at 5.25 p. m. stopped to receive a boat load of natives from the village on Kruseastern Island. At 5.50 p. m. we were again under way for Cape Prince of Wales, reaching there soon after midnight. Being unable to effect a landing, the ship turned and put out to sea again for safety. With the morning light of August 26 the ship returned to the village of Cape Prince of Wales and anchored at 7.45 a. m. Shortly afterwards Mr. W. T. Lopp, the missionary, came on board with some natives. Immediately after breakfast Dr. Lyall, the physician, and myself went ashore with Mr. Lopp. The affairs of the mission and school were looked after, a number of natives were attended to by the physician, and at noon we returned to the ship. Soon after, the schooner Ella Johnson, John T. Smith master, anchored near by. Mr. Minor W. Bruce and party for trading for reindeer were on board. Accompanying Lieutenant Hall, I paid a visit to the schooner and had a conversation with Mr. Bruce concerning arrangements for securing reindeer. Upon returning to the Bear, I was greatly surprised to find that the sailing papers of the Ella Johnson were defective, and that not being properly registered the schooner could not go to Siberia and trade for reindeer, as was expected. This closed all hope of procuring reindeer from Siberia this year.

At 2.45 p. m. we got under way for Port Clarence. A dense fog having set in, at 10.30 p. m. the ship came to anchor at Point Jackson, at the entrance of the harbor. The next morning, the fog having lifted, at 5.40 a. m. the ship got under way, and at 8 o'clock anchored off Point Riley after fresh water. Having watered ship, at 2.45 p. m. the Bear got under way and steamed over to the Teller Reindeer Station, on the north side of the bay, where the captain kindly allowed me, together with the herders, Ahlook, Electoona, and Oozhaloo and his family, to land, after which the steamer ran down to Point Spencer for a sheltered place in which to make repairs and changes in her propeller. At the station we were very busy looking after the details of the business until after midnight. During the morning of August 28 Lieutenant Cochran came over from Point Spencer with the steam launch and, picking up Dr. Lyall, Mr. Kjellmann, Dr. Kittlesen, Mr. John W. Kelly, Mr. Wells, mate of the Hidalgo, three herders, and myself, steamed away for Grantley Harbor, to visit the reindeer herd. Landing about 11 a. m., we had lunch on the beach, after which we walked to the reindeer camp, 4 miles distant. It was a very hard walk. At the time of the arrival of the Bear an epidemic had appeared in the herd, causing a swelling and suppuration around the hoofs. A brush corral had been constructed and some 30 sick deer gathered into it. The two physicians of the party, with the herders, proceeded to give an examination, and a portion of the diseased heart and liver of one that had died was placed in alcohol, to be sent to the Agricultural Department at Washington for expert examination.

As it had proved a very hard walk from the depot to the herd, the Lapps proposed to send me back by a sled drawn by the reindeer. The deer had not been hitched up all summer and were very frisky. The result was that the very first brook that we came to they gave a leap, overturning the sled, throwing me out into the bushes, and nearly breaking away from the drivers. The sled was righted and I again got on. snowless tundra, across a mountain, through bunches of arctic willow, up and The rest of the way they took me along rapidly over the down the steep sides of the ravines, and landed me safe and sound on the beach in an astonishingly short time. After lunch we embarked in the launch for the station. In the meantime the wind had changed and got up a rough sea which tossed and pitched the steam launch, greatly to our discomfort. Reaching the station at o'clock, I went ashore, and the others continued on their way to the ship at Point Spencer.

August 29 dawned with a storm raging at sea and a heavy surf on the beach. As there was no going out or returning ashore, the day was spent without interruption looking over the affairs of the station. Sunday morning, August 30, came in with fog. The gale of the previous day had ceased. At 11 o'clock the bell was rung and divine service held in the schoolhouse. Thirty-three persons were present, comprising nine nationalities. There were Americans, Norwegians, Lapps, Ootlaeavies, Tigaraites, Kinegans, Kaveans, Seelawiks, and natives around Norton Sound. The preacher spoke in English. The Rev. T. L. Brevig, Norwegian minister, translated the English into Lappish, and Dora, an Eskimo girl from Golovin Bay, translated the English into Eskimo, thus requiring three languages to reach the audience. It was an interesting and unique service.

Dora, the Eskimo interpreter, has had an eventful career. When born, she was

thrown out of the house by her mother to freeze to death, the mother not wishing the trouble of bringing her up. An older sister took pity on the babe, brought her into the house, and assumed charge of her. After a while the sister became tired of her charge, and again the babe was thrown out of doors to perish. Then a neighboring woman took her in and brought her up as her own child. When she was about 12 years of age, she was sold to a man for his wife, but being brutally treated, she ran away and found an asylum at the Swedish mission. The mission was raided by the natives and the girl carried off by force. Again escaping, she was permitted to remain at the mission, where she has become a strong, fine-looking, intelligent, consecrated girl, of about 17 years of age. At present she is living with Rev. and Mrs. Brevig at the reindeer station. As I rose from the dinner table the cutter Bear was seen steaming over from Cape Spencer. I was very sorry, as it would probably necessitate going on board ship on Sunday, thus setting a bad example to the natives, and I had repeatedly given strict orders against all unnecessary Sunday work at the station. True enough, orders came from the captain to come on board, as he would sail immediately. Lieutenant Hall was sent with a steam launch to arrest some natives for various misdemeanors, and Mr. Kjellmann was sent to the herd to secure some necessary vouchers from the Lapps. The launch having returned from Grantley Harbor, adieus were spoken to the friends on shore, and at 8.30 p. m. the anchor was hove, and we steamed away for St. Michael. The fog setting in heavy, we anchored outside at Cape Spencer at 10.20 p. m. The next morning we were under way at 7.40, reaching St. Michael at 11.40 p. m., September 1.

In the harbor were the brigantine C. C. Funk, John Calliston, master; the schooner Alice Cooke, D. B. P. Penhallon, master, and the steamer Lakme, Charles Anderson, master. Letters were received from the Swedish stations at Unalaklik and at Golovin Bay, calling attention to the failure of the fish supply this season and the prospect of a famine during the next winter; also making inquiries whether it was not possible for provisions to be left at those stations. September 3, Mr. H. De Windt, correspondent of the Pall Mall Gazette, London, England, was taken on board, with supplies, to be landed at Indian Point, Siberia, from whence he expected to make a sled trip across Siberia; also Lewis Sloss, jr., and Rudolph Neumann, of the Alaska Commercial Company, and Rev. P. T. Rowe, the Episcopal bishop of Alaska, for transportation to Unalaska. At 9.20 p. m. farewell salutes were fired from the ship and the battery on shore, and we stood out of the harbor for East Cape, Siberia.

On September 5, encountering a gale with a rough sea, the vessel, being unable to proceed, hove to. The following morning, making out King Island looming up through the fog, the ship got under way at 5.25 o'clock and attempted to reach it, which was accomplished at 8.55, when we anchored under the lee of the island abreast of the village.

Soon a number of natives crowded the deck. The northwest storm continuing with unabated severity and the time drawing near when the ship was under orders to report at Unalaska, the captain concluded to give up attempting to reach East Cape and to make at once for Indian Point; hence at 5 a. m., September 7, we were again under way. In the afternoon we came up with a large quantity of heavy drift ice, which we skirted for a long distance. On Tuesday, at 4.20 a. m., we dropped anchor off Indian Point. Mr. H. De Windt, with servant and supplies, was sent ashore. All possible arrangements having been made for his comfort, at 10 p. m. we again got under way and stood for St. Lawrence Island, where we came to anchor at 3 a. m. on the morning of September 9. As there was coal to land for the use of the school, I went ashore with the first load to confer with the teacher and look over school matters. After breakfast Lieutenant Jarvis and Dr. Lyall, the physician, came ashore and performed a surgical operation on a child. The ailments of various natives were also attended to. While at lunch on shore the steam whistle blew for our return to the ship. Upon boarding ship the anchor was hove and we got under way for the Pribilof Islands. That day and the following one were charming-as old sailors say, "weather breeders," and so it proved to us. During the night of the 10th and 11th the wind changed dead ahead and we hove to, the wind blowing a gale from the southeast and a heavy sea running: but little sleep was had on board the ship.

On the morning of September 12, there being a little lull in the gale, the ship again resumed her course, but in the evening the storm resumed its fury and we were again hove to under double-reefed mainsail. On the morning of the 13th at 2 a. m. the gale split the fore trysail. All that day and the following day and the day after that, the storm raged in its fury. The supply of coal in the steamer was getting low. The date at which the captain was to report at Unalaska had passed, so, making a desperate effort and proceeding as best we could through the storm,

we were fortunate enough to get into the harbor of Unalaska, the quiet waters of which seemed very delightful after the tossing of the previous week. Going ashore for our mail, I had the unpleasant experience to find that through some one's blunder my whole mail for the summer had been sent into the Arctic, and eventually did not reach me until weeks after my return to my office in Washington. This, however, was not as bad as the disappointment of the teachers and traders at Point Hope and Point Barrow in the Arctic at the loss of their annual mail, which was sent them in the spring of 1895. It has not yet reached them, and information secured recently in the office at Washington locates the missing mail still on Puget Sound. If there are no further delays, the letters which were sent in the spring of 1895 will probably reach their destination in the fall of 1897-two and a half years after they started.

At Unalaska, finding that the United States revenue cutter Wolcott was under orders to proceed to Sitka, I sought and secured permission from Captain Hooper to accompany her. Going on board the morning of the 20th of September, we got under way during the forenoon and proceeded to sea in company with the cutters Corwin and Grant and two English men-of-war. It was the disbanding of the Bering Sea fleet for the season. The passage through the Aleutian Islands was made by the Analga Pass. The day was pleasant and the sail along the south side of the Aleutian Islands with their wonderful scenery delightful. On the 21st a short call was made at Belkofsky to ascertain the condition of a small Aleutian settlement, where the people were said to be out of food. Learning that the settlement was safe, we were again under way for Sitka. The pleasant weather of the 20th and 21st was the calm before the approaching storm. While tornadoes were sweeping along the Atlantic coast, destroying much property in towns and cities, a similar storm raged along the Pacific, and, commencing with the 22d, for a week we were tossed and buffeted as the North Pacific in the late fall knows how to do. Much anxiety was felt for the safety of our vessel. Boxes of oil were adjusted so that the drippings could stay somewhat the severity of the waves, and no doubt contributed greatly to the safety of the vessel. But it is a long road that has no turn. So after the discomforts of the protracted storm, we entered on the 28th the land-locked island-studded harbor of Sitka with satisfaction and thankfulness.

The interval between September 29 and the departure of the mail Steamer City of Topeka on October 10 was given to schools and educational work at Sitka. Taking in charge two young girls-Misses Lotta Hilton and Elizabeth Walkerwho were sent to the Indian school at Carlisle, Pa., we sailed from Sitka on the 10th of October. The following day a call was made at Juneau. On the 12th we reached Fort Wrangel and on the 13th visited Metlakahtla, reaching Seattle on the 16th, leaving the same night by train over the Northern Pacific Railroad. trip was concluded by reaching Washington, October 22, having traveled 18,465 miles.

My

As in the past, so again this season I have been greatly indebted for facilities of transportation furnished me by the Revenue-Cutter Service of the Treasury Department. The permission accorded by the honorable Secretary of the Treasury and Capt. C. F. Shoemaker, Chief of the Revenue-Cutter Service, was cordially seconded by Capt. C. L. Hooper, commanding the Bering Sea fleet; Capt. Francis Tuttle, commanding the Bear, and Capt. Martin L. Phillips, commanding the cutter Wol cott, together with the officers of the Bear and the Wolcott.

I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
SHELDON JACKSON.

Hon. W. T. HARRIS, LL. D.,

Commissioner of Education, Washington, D. C.

CHAPTER XXXV.

NECROLOGY, 1895.

AUSTIN, CLARENCE WILLIS, in Hartford, Conn., February 18; born in Suffield, Conn., December 23, 1870; graduated at Yale in 1892; was a teacher of Latin in the Connecticut Literary Institute at Suffield.

AVERY, JOHN HUMPHREY, in Cleveland, Ohio, May 25; born in Boston July 22, 1807; fitted for college at Phillips Andover, attended Yale and Amherst, and graduated at Union College in 1834. He taught a select school in New Holland, Pa., and in Ephrata, Pa., and lectured upon the "Laws of life" in various schools and colleges.

BAILEY, Judge JOSEPH MEAD, in Freeport, Ill., December 15; born in Middlebury, Vt., June 22, 1833; graduated at the University of Rochester, 1854. He was a justice of the supreme court of Illinois, a trustee of the University of Chicago, and for a number of years dean of the Chicago College of Law. BATTELL, ROBBINS, philanthropist, Norfolk, Conn., January 26; born in Norfolk April 9, 1819; graduated at Yale in 1839. He and his family gave to Yale $300,000. He also gave $10,000 to other institutions, among them Marietta College. BATTEY, Dr. ROBERT, in Rome, Ga., November 8; born in Augusta, Ga., November 26, 1826; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1856 and at the Jefferson Medical College in 1857. He spent his professional life in Rome, was professor of obstetrics in Atlanta Medical College, 1873-1875. BAXTER, Mrs. MARY ELIZABETH ROBERTS, philanthropist, Rutland, Vt., November 9; born in Manchester, Vt., June, 1829. Gave $100,000 for library in Rutland: gave also to other educational and religious objects. BEACH, NATHANIEL, at Norwichtown, Conn., November 3; born in Wendham, N. J., October 5, 1809; graduated at Williams College in 1832 and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1836. He taught in Pittsfield, Mass., and while pastor of the church in Millburg, Mass., had principal charge of the schools. BEECHER, EDWARD, D. D., in Brooklyn, N. Y., July 28; born in East Hampton, Long Island, August 27, 1803; graduated at Yale in 1822; taught languages in the Grammar School, Hartford, Conn., 1822-1824; tutor in Yale, 1825-26; studied at Andover Theological Seminary, and was ordained pastor of the Park Street Church, Boston, Mass., December 27, 1826; was president of Illinois College, 1830-1844. He was the author of numerous books. BENNETT, Rev. HENRY STANLEY, at Nashville, Tenn., August 5; born in Brownsville, Pa., in 1838; graduated from Oberlin College in 1860, and from Oberlin Theological Seminary in 1863; was pastor in Wakeman, Ohio; in 1867 became pastor of the church connected with Fisk University, and teacher of German and theology in the university; was especially helpful in promoting the publicschool work of the State.

BILLS, D. HOWARD, at Quincy Point, Mass., September 4; born in Hope, Me., in 1817; taught school early and was active in school supervision. BLAKE, Prof. ELI WHITNEY, A. M., at Hampton, Conn., October 1; born in New Haven, Conn., April 20, 1836; graduated at Yale in 1857; spent a year at the Sheffield Scientific School and several years at the universities of Heidelberg, Marburg, and Berlin, studying chemistry and physics; was professor of chemistry and physics at the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College; professor of physics and the mechanic arts at Cornell, 1868-1870; during a portion of the same time was acting professor of physics at Columbia College, and from 1870 until June, 1895, filled the chair of physics at Brown. BLODGETT, EDWARD PHELPS, at Roslindale, Mass., December 28; born in East Windsor, Conn., August 23, 1815; graduated at Amherst in 1838; taught one year at Hatfield Academy; attended Andover Theological Seminary; was superintendent of the Greenwich (Mass.) schools for thirty years.