The departmental library contains many books and pamphlets on manual training and art education. In the corridors and on the walls of various rooms are many photographs illustrating the history of art. In the museum and scattered through the work rooms are vases, reliefs, models, carvings, and casts. The purpose has been to make the building and its equipment complete and in every way adapted to its use.

COURSES OF STUDY.

FIRST INTRODUCTORY YEAR.

1. Free-hand drawing.-Ten periods weekly. A course designed for students who are making a specialty of art work.

2. Free-hand drawing.-Four periods weekly. An abridgment of course 1, intended students who are not making a specialty of art work.

3. Mechanical drawing.—Four periods weekly. A course designed for those who are taking up the subject of mechanical drawing for the first time. It includes geometrical problems, lettering, drawing to scale, parallel and angular projection, sections, intersections, and developments.

SECOND INTRODUCTORY YEAR.

4. Wood joinery.-Six periods weekly. A comprehensive course in bench work, intended to prepare students for course 14 given in the junior year. It includes exercises intended to teach the use of the fundamental woodworking tools, the use of many of the principal joints in construction, and the application of these joints in making useful articles. From time to time during the course special illustrated lessons or talks are given on such subjects as standard measurements, cutting edges, structure and growth of trees, lumbering and the preparation of timber, warping and shrinking of timber, and consequent allowances in construction.

5. Wood carving.-Four periods weekly. A course covering the fundamental principles of the art. In the first part of the course attention is given to the handling and sharpening of tools and to the carving of typical pieces of ornament involving the various uses of the tools. Later the student takes up the work from the standpoint of the decorator and learns to work in the following styles: Moresque, Norse, Byzantine, Roman, and Renaissance. Throughout the course careful attention is given to modeling and design.

6. Metal working.-Four periods weekly. A course of hand tool work in three parts: (a) Chipping, filing, and polishing cast iron, wrought iron, malleable cast iron, steel, and brass; (b) sheet-metal working, including many of the processes of tinsmithing and sheet-iron working, and (c) forging, including ornamental iron work and hardening and tempering steel, in addition to numerous exercises in drawing, bending, upsetting, and welding.

7. Free-hand drawing.-Ten periods weekly. This course is a continuation of course 1 and consists of drawing in charcoal and water color monochrome from groups of colored objects and casts of ornament and the human figure. It is designed to give the student an appreciation of the perspective appearance of all simple objects and the ability to give artistic expression to what he sees by means of light and shade and color.

8. Free-hand drawing.-Four periods weekly. A continuation of course 2, intended to give a student sufficient training in free-hand drawing to enable him to enter the junior year in any major course in the college excepting Major Course B in the department of manual training and art education.

9. Clay modeling.-Four periods weekly. A technical course, consisting of work from ornament and the antique. Each student is given practice in making plaster casts from his own clay models.

10. History of art.-Three periods weekly. A course of reading, conferences, and lectures illustrated by lantern photographs. The subjects will be taken up in chronological order, and will cover mediæval, Renaissance, and modern architecture, sculpture, and painting.

11. Mechanical drawing.-Four periods weekly. This course follows course 3, and consists of advanced work in intersections and developments, including conic sections, a study of mathematical curves as applied in cams and gearing, the principles of shades and shadows and linear perspective. Special attention is given to the making of working drawings from free-hand sketches.

JUNIOR YEAR.

12. Elementary manual training.-Four periods weekly. In this course are taken up several lines of manual training, which are adapted to children in the elementary schools. Each of these is of such a nature that it may be carried on in the ordinary school room at any school desk to which an appropriate desk cover has been added. The course includes: (a) Knifework in thin wood for children in the fifth grade,

involving much geometry and drawing; (b) more advanced work in thin wood for the sixth or seventh grade, involving problems in construction and chip carving; (en free whittling for children in the sixth or seventh grade; (d) construction work in paper and cardboard for grades four, five, six, and seven; and (e) bent ironwork which may be correlated with free-hand drawing in several of the grades of the elementary school.

Students pursuing this course are expected to take complete and accurate notes of all lectures, bnt are not required to make all the models.

13. Elementary manual training.-Two periods weekly, second half year. An abridgment of course 12, intended for major students in the department of clementary teaching.

14. Wood joinery.-Four periods weekly. In this course the subject is taken up from the standpoint of method. Course 4 or its equivalent is required on admission. The course consists of: (a) Lectures on methods of working, methods of teaching, and subjects connected with the tools and materials used; (b) discussions, recitations, and the writing of papers on topics requiring the consultation of books in the library; (c) working out a course of models for grammar schools, also a course for bigh schools; (d) advanced work in hard wood, involving many of the principles of cabinetmaking.

15. Wood joinery.-Two periods weekly. An abridgment of course 4, intended to give students the ability to construct simple apparatus for scientific experiments. 16. Wood turning, pattern making, and foundry practice.-Six periods weekly. A course in two parts, suitable for manual training high schools. (a) Spindle turning, face-plate turning, chuck and templet turning, in which much attention is given to beauty of ontline and proportion; (b) pattern making, in connection with which practice is given in the foundry. The course contains patterns which may be used to illustrate draft, use of split patterns, "making a joint," use of green-sand core, use of dry core, use of chaplets, "stop-over molding," three-part molding, and hanging a core.

17. Metal working.—Six periods weekly. A course combining hand tool and machine tool work, involving standard processes of modern machine shop practice. At the end of the course each class constructs a lathe, a grinder, a motor, or some other small machine. The equipment for this work consists of 10 engine lathes, a universal milling machine, a grinding machine, planer, upright drill, sensitive drill, and the necessary smaller tools, all of which have been carefully selected from the latest patterns of the best tool manufacturers.

is. Free-hand drawing and clay modeling.-Four periods weekly. A course from the standpoint of the teacher. The subject for the first part of the year will be the work of the primary school; that for the last part of the year the work of the secondary school.

19. Drawing and painting.—Eight periods weekly. This course is arranged so that the student first makes a light and shade study from the object or group of objects, and afterward makes a color subject from the same object. This plan affords an opportunity for the study of black and white values in connection with color values, and emphasizes the importance of the light and shade work as applied to painting. The course includes studies from fruit, flowers, still life, and the human figure, and in the latter part of the year out-of-door sketching.

20. Free-hand drawing.—Two periods weekly. A special course for major students in domestic art.

21. Mechanical drawing.-Four periods weekly. The work of this course is taken up from the standpoint of method; hence a knowledge of the subject-matter is necessary y on entering the course. During the course a comparative study is made of the mechanical drawing courses of elementary and secondary schools of recognized standing, with a view of arriving at conclusions as to what should be included in a course of mechanical drawing, and what method should be employed in teaching. The notebook work is an important part of this course.

SENIOR YEAR.

22. History and principles of manual training.-Two periods weekly, first half year. This course includes a study of the development of the manual training idea in education; the Russian system; Swedish sloyd; Danish sloyd; manual training in England, France, and Germany; American manual training; pedagogic principles underlying manual training; methods of teaching manual training; planning courses of instruction for elementary and secondary schools; the manual training high school-its distinguishing characteristics and its place in American education.

23. Plans and equipments.-Two periods weekly, second half year. The teacher of manual training is called upon not only to lay out his courses of instruction, but often to plan and equip rooms for manual training work. With this requirement in mind, a course has been designed covering the essential principles involved in planning and equipping for manual training work in elementary and secondary schools.

In this course the following points are considered: Planning with reference to number, size, and location of rooms needed; their light, accessibility, and convenience one to another; tools and appliances necessary for a given range of work; how to purchase tools and machinery; arrangement of these with reference to use, convenience, and safety of operation; location of line shafting; selection of motive power, hangers, belting, and other material required.

Classes usually work from assumed data, although in some cases data is supplied by schools desiring the assistance of Teachers College in planning new buildings. In such cases the school furnishing the data receives a copy of the completed plans free of charge.

24. Wood carving.-Four periods weekly. A course in two parts. The first part is a continuation of course 5, students being expected to work from their own designs. The second part is a course from the standpoint of method, which is adapted to secondary schools. In the second part students are expected to take accurate notes of all lectures, but are not required to make all the models.

25. Drawing and painting.-Eight periods weekly. A continuation of course 19 consisting of studies in black and white and in color from casts, still life and from life, and out-of-door sketching in color. Talks on perspective, light and shade, composition, color, anatomy, etc., are given from time to time as the work progresses. In this class much individual instruction is given, thus enabling a student to do advanced work in any branch he desires especially to teach.

26. Designing.-Four periods weekly. A course in principles of design, including a study of the historic styles of ornament. Working designs are made for: (a) Wood carving, (b) wood turning, (c) pyrography, (d) bent iron work, and (e) stained glass. The course is closely related to courses involving construction. 27. Planning courses in drawing.-Two periods weekly. A course for supervisors and special teachers of drawing. This course will include the study of conditions existing in schools; courses of instruction in drawing, modeling, and decoration; the adaptation of work to the ability of classes, to the season of the year, and to the equipment. Attention will be given to the correlation of drawing with other subjects. The relation between supervision and special teaching, the holding of teachers' meetings, the giving of typical lessons, and the making of programmes will be considered. Equipments will be planned, material for the different grades in public and private schools selected, and the expense estimated. 28. Free-hand drawing.-Two periods weekly. A course from the standpoint of method, beginning with primary work. It includes drawing from models and objects from nature, illustrative drawing, and modeling from typical and natural forms. This course is designed for major students in the departments of the kindergarten and elementary teaching,

29. Machine design.-Four periods weekly. The course involves the consideration of the strength of material and the form and proper proportion of such machine elements as the following, which are employed to a greater or less extent in all forms of machinery: Rivets, keys, bolts and screws, journals and their bearings, shafting, couplings, cams, and gears. Later the subject of machine design is taken up with reference to simplicity, proportion, beauty of outline, cored and ribbed sections, harmony of parts, etc. Finally, some machine is designed and a set of working drawings made.

30. Architectural drawing.—This course in the elements of architecture will not be opened until September, 1896.

31. Clay modeling.-A continuation of course 9, consisting of advanced work from the antique and from life. The course will not be opened until September, 1896.

32. Methods, observation, and practice teaching.-Two to six periods weekly. The first half year is devoted to lectures on methods of teaching manual training and drawing and to the systematic observation of classes in the Horace Mann School and the Macy Manual Training High School. The second half year is devoted to practice teaching and criticism.

The following is a brief outline of the work: (1) Observing expert teaching and assisting in giving individual instruction; (2) written report of observations; (3) class discussion of lesson observed or conference with critic teacher; (4) written plan of (a) a series of lessons and (b) of a single lesson with reference to purpose, subject-matter, and method of teaching; (5) criticism of written plan; (6) practice teaching; (7) criticism of practice teaching; (8) written plan of typical lesson; (9) criticism of plan of typical lesson; (10) giving typical lesson in the presence of classmates and the faculty; (11) class criticism of typical lesson.

Each candidate for the college diploma must observe and teach in at least two subjects during the year, and no student will be recommended for a diploma whose work in this course is unsatisfactory.

Department conference.-One hour weekly. A meeting of professors, instructors, assistants, and major students to report on current literature and discuss questions relating to manual training and art education. This hour has proved to be one of great value to all who attend the conference.

MAJOR COURSES.

These extend over two introductory and two college years and lead to the college diploma. In general the work of the two introductory years is intended to give teclinical skill, while the work of the two college years is taken up from the standpoint of method. Three major courses are offered:

Course A, designed to equip teachers and supervisors for all grades of manual training work in elementary and secondary schools.

Course B, designed to equip teachers and supervisors of art education for all grades of elementary and secondary schools.

Course (', designed to equip teachers and supervisors of both manual training and art education for elementary schools only.

MINOR COURSES.

Any course offered by the department may be pursued by qualified students as a minor in connection with courses offered in other departments of the college and will be counted as a part of the work leading to a college diploma.

DEGREES.

Candidates for the degrees of A. M. and Ph. D. may elect to do a part of their work in this department.

SPECIAL STUDENTS.

The directors of the department are at liberty to admit as special students at any time such persons as in their judgment are qualified to work profitably in the department. No diploma is given to special students.

SATURDAY CLASSES.

On Saturdays, from March to October, a number of special courses are open to teachers and others who can not attend classes earlier in the week. During the year 18:5-96 such courses are offered in the following subjects with the provision that no class be formed with less than six students: (1) Wood joinery, (2) wood carving, (3) wood turning, (4) metal working, (5) elementary manual training, (6) free-hand outline drawing, (7) light and shade, and (8) mechanical drawing. Registration fee for each course, $5.

EVENING CLASSES.

Under the joint management of the Harlem branch of the Young Men's Christian Association and the department of manual training and art education of Teachers College evening classes will be opened in October, 1895, in the Macy Manual Arts Building. The following courses will be offered: (a) Mechanical drawing, (b) forging, e) wood joinery and drawing, (d) sheet-metal working and drawing. Other courses in mechanical and art work may be opened during the year.

SUMMER SCHOOL.

On account of the large number of applications for instruction during the summer months, it has been decided to open a summer school of manual training and art e lucation at Teachers College in 1896. The entire equipment of the Macy Manual Arts Building will be utilized, including library, photographs, casts, models, and exhibits.

It will be possible to offer courses in (a) psychology as applied to manual training and art education, history and principles of manual training, methods of teaching manual training, methods of teaching drawing, planning and equipping manual training schools; and (b) in wood joinery, wood carving, wood turning, pattern making, foundry practice, forge work, chipping and filing, machine tool work, elementary manual training, claymodeling, designing, outline drawing, light and shade, water-color painting, architectural drawing, mechanical drawing, and machine design. The work will consist of lectures, conferences, recitations, and practice. The unmber of courses opened will depend upon the demand. The school will be open six weeks.

MACY MANUAL TRAINING HIGH SCHOOL.

In order to provide better opportunities for observation and practice teaching in manual training and art work the Macy Manual Training High School for boys and girls was established in May, 1895.

The general plan of the school requires the pupils to divide their time in school

about equally between English, mathematics, and other academic studies, and manual training and art work. Throughout the entire course of four years each regular student pursues six lines of study-language, mathematics, science, sociology, drawing, and mannal training.

The course is so arranged as to fit a grammar-school graduate for the School of Mines, Columbia College, in three years.

DEPARTMENT OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE AND ART.

MAJOR COURSE.

This course is designed for those who wish to prepare themselves to become teachers of cooking and sewing in accordance with educational principles.

Candidates for admission to this course will feel the need of a broad and liberal education. A good high-school course, with two years' added experience as teacher or student, is the least that should be considered adequate; much more is desirable. All candidates for admission will be required to pass the examinations for entrance to the college.

The course continues two years, and includes instruction in plain cooking and plain sewing, cutting and fitting; drawing; the application of chemistry, physics, physiology, and hygiene to matters of the household; psychology and general method, history of education, methods of teaching and practice teaching.

From two to four periods weekly are assigned for observation and practice in the Horace Mann School. The assignments are changed as often as the best interests of the individual require.

The laboratory work in cooking includes practice in all branches of cookery. More attention, however, is given to such economical and wholesome cooking as can be properly taught in public schools and in industrial classes than to the preparation of elaborate dishes. Careful study is made of the different methods of applying heat to food materials, and in these experiments the student learns to operate coal, gas, gasoline, and kerosene stoves and the Atkinson cooker. It is the purpose of the course to reduce cooking to a science by the exact methods of the chemical laboratory. In all the processes the aim is to study the conditions and learn to control them until uniform results are obtained.

The course in sewing includes all branches that are required by public and industrial schools; plain sewing plain embroidery, the drafting, fitting, and cutting of simple garments. A course of lectures is given on methods of teaching sewing; the materials and tools in use and their development and manufacture; color in connection with dress and home furnishing; healthful dress; hygiene, etc. There is also a course of lessons in drawing and color for the study of the human form and drapery. A collection of raw materials, textiles, and tools for demonstration lessons has been procured, and is of great value to the student.

Training is given in such details of departmental management as the purchasing of supplies and the planning of courses of lessons and equipments for cooking and sewing classes. A spcial feature is made of economical cooking and sewing outfits, and the student is given such practical problems as the planning of an inexpensive outat for a class of twenty and the making of the best selection of utensils to be obtained for a given sum.

Occasional visits are made to the schools of New York and vicinity to study the conditions of the work, and many of the students acquire excellent experience by teaching classes in some of the mission schools in New York when the hours do not interfere with college work.

MINOR COURSES.

The following minor courses are offered to those who do not intend to become teachers of cooking and sewing, but who desire a practical knowledge of the subjects: Cooking.-Five periods weekly.

Sewing. Two periods weekly.

Art of costume.-Five periods weekly.

Cooking.-One and one-half hours weekly, October 5 to March 14.

Sewing. One hour weekly, October 5 to March 14.

Any person, with the consent of the teacher in charge, may elect any one or more of the above courses.

KEYSTONE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, KUTZTOWN, Pa.

[Statement of W. W. Deatrick, director.]

Our manual training is educational, with especial reference to later work of the pupil teachers in the construction of apparatus, charts, etc.

The plant was established by the State Normal School and tuition is included in general charges. Materials are paid for by pupils.