a sable robe, a magnificent horse with a splendid saddle, a quiver, bow and arrows, besides a sum of ten thousand taels.

The Manjows followed after the rebels, passing the capital without entering. On the first of the 5th moon they crossed Loogow bridge. Next day they came up with the rebels at Chingdoo. The spoil of the capital had been sent on ahead and the rebels determined to make a stand with their best troops.

A wind blew a dust storm on that day as at Shanhaigwan, but the wind was in the back of the Manjow army, which pressed against and again completely routed the rebels, who fled into Shansi.

In order to gain the affections of the people, the Manjow soldiers had to swear before starting on their expedition, that they would slay no innocent person, burn no man's house and destroy no man's property, while proclamations were issued, that the army was sent to protect the people and destroy their plunderers.

On the first of the 5th moon, Dworgwun the guardian Wang, who now began to act as if sole guardian, entered the capital and soon received notice of the submission of Tientsin and all the walled cities east and north of the capital. But Baoding and the neighbourhood to the south of the capital was in the hands of the rebels, while Shantung, Honan, &c., hearing of the defeat of the robber, murdered his officials and proclaimed for Foo Wang who had been set up in Nanking.

While the Manjow army and Woo Sangwei were hotly pursuing the retreating robbers, the Zooi Chin-wang in Peking was flooded with learned memorials and dinned with eloquent advice as to the proper mode for establishing peace and restoring order.

It was on the 1st of the 10th moon, (about beginning of November) 1644, that the child Shwunju was enthroned in Peking, having just arrived from Moukden, which however has never ceased to be an important city, having its own five Boards, the number of Manjows in it apparently preponderating greatly over the Chinese.

The Daching dynasty was born of war, cradled and swaddled inwar, grew up in war and must, in the nature of things in China, perish of war, after passing a wonderfully long reign, with scarcely one year's perfect peace.

Of the many conflicting and warring parties of their time the Manjows had the best heads if the weakest arms; progressing and triumphing by political sagacity even more than by wise bravery.

Dworgwun wisely summoned the ablest and most learned Chinese to his Councils, sought, received and acted upon their advice, sometimes to the chagrin and disappointment of some of his friends. He at once fully and frankly adopted the laws formed and left by the Ming dynasty, which form the backbone and sinew of Manjow law to this day. He

freely conferred offices of all grades upon competent Chinese. He adopted many Chinese customs, the only Manjow custom made imperative being the shaving of the forepart of the head, and adopting of the Nüjun queue, the change of cap and a slight change of fashion of clothing. But women's clothing and the fashionable cramped feet remain to this day the same,—a reason why a conservative government should bestow the power of voting on women!

J. R.

STATISTICS OF THE SHANTUNG PROTESTANT MISSIONS.

CHEFOO.

LONDON MISSION.

THE HE first Protestant missionary who settled at this port was the Rev. J. Edkins, B. A. who arrived from Shanghai, in the summer of 1860. He removed to Tientsin in the course of 1861, and the mission has not been since renewed.

PARIS PROTESTANT MISSION.

The Rev. O. Rau of this mission came to Chefoo from Shanghai in December, 1860. Shortly after, he removed to Tientsin, but returned to Chefoo in the latter half of 1861. He was joined the same year by the Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Bonhoure. In the summer of 1861, Mrs. Bonhoure died; and Messrs. Rau and Bonhoure both left for Europe in September, 1862; since which, the mission has had no representative in China.

SKETCH OF THE ENGLISH BAPTIST MISSION.
BY REV. T. RICHARD.

This has been an unfortunate mission. Of seven missionaries during the last fifteen years, the first two were taken on from other societies, in connection with which they had laboured in south China. One of these, the Rev. C. J. Hall, died just after preaching his first sermon in Chefoo; the other the Rev. H. Kloekers, arriving on the death of the former, took up the work, built a small chapel thirty miles inland, baptized about fifteen in three or four years; at the end of which period, owing to certain differences, his services were discontinued. Of the other five, one, the Rev. R. Laughton, died in 1870, after diligent training of, and adding to, the young church. Two, the Revs. W. H. McMechan and E. F. Kingdon, returned home within two years of their arrival in China, on account of ill health. One, Dr. Brown, was a qualified medical man, who commenced medical mission work in 1871; but as he and the home committee did not see eye to

eye, after three years his connection with it was also severed. The remaing one, Mr. Richard, who arrived in China in 1870, is still, but alone, in charge of the station. Thus illness, differences and death, have each at different times taken a couple away, leaving only one actual worker at a time, for most of the period since the establishment of the mission. Of the six, five were married. The two widows returned to England immediately on the death of their husbands. When will this afflicted mission see better days ?.

As to method, -distant and rapid itinerating, like travelling, was once the practice; but now settling down in some central position from which repeated and lengthened visits are made to the most promising places, is adopted, as more satisfactory. For inland residence, it is believed native costume has some advantages, and is therefore adopted. Chingchow foo, where Mr. Richard resides this year, alone, is two hundred and thirty-six English miles away from the nearest open port, and was not occupied by any foreigner before though visited often.

The following statistics of this mission were furnished by Mr. Richard in 1875.

This society first began work at Chefoo in 1860.

From the commencement, there have been altogether seven male missionaries, five of whom have been married.

There is at present one ordained missionary.
The mission has three chapels.

There are three out-stations.
There is one organized church.

There are five native preachers, one of whom is ordained and in pastoral charge, being supported by the native church.

From the commencement, 61 adults have been baptized.

The numbers at present in church-fellowship baptized are 36 male and 13 female-or 49 in all.

the

The annual contributions of the native members amount to $22.50.

The following notes on the Medical work of the mission, are from pen of Mr. Richard in 1875.

"The medical mission was continued only for three years, including time for learning the language. Six students-at different times— got more or less medical instruction.

A work on the practice of medicine was being translated. Since Dr. Brown's departure, a dispensary has been continued, under the superintendence of a native. From the beginning those patients who can afford it, have been expected to pay; the pay being barely sufficient to cover current expenses, not including medicines. Most of

the money comes from the sale of powders to cure opium-smoking. This amounts to more than all the rest put together! Philanthropists may here see the curse of opium.”

The medical mission at Chefoo, which was the first in China connected with this society, was begun in 1870.

There is a dispensary.

The number of dispensary patients for the year amounts to 2,869. These are from all classes of the community.

The annual expenditure amounts to $180, paid from the general fund of the mission.

The native contributions just about cover the extra miscellaneous

expenses.

We received the following note on the Itinerancy of the mission, from Mr. Richard in 1875.

The English missionaries and native assistants, paid and voluntary, engage in this work.

The modes of travelling are-on foot, by donkeys, mules, mule litters, carts and barrows.

The following are the chief cities visited.

In 1872, on a journey in Manchuria, the cities of Moukden, Lao-ching and the Corean Gate; the most distant point reached being Shin-ping p'u, a day's journey inside the Corean Gate.

In 1873, a journey was made to the provincial city of Tse-nan, the most distant point reached.

In 1874, the same journey was repeated.

In 1875, the prefectural city Tsing-chow was visited; this being the most distant point on the journey.

The out-stations of the mission are at-
Tsung-kia,..
Ch'i-hia,

90 li north-west from Chefoo.

110,, south-west

This station was commenced by the Rev. J. L. Holmes, who arrived there with Mrs. Holmes in September, 1860. In December he was joined by the Rev. J. B. Hartwell and his family from Shanghai. In March, 1861, Mr. Hartwell left for Tăngchow. In October of that year, Mr. Holmes was killed by the rebels. Mrs. Holmes went to Tăngchow in 1862. In 1873, Mr. Hartwell returned to Chefoo, and remained till 1875, when he left for the United States."

The following statistics of this mission were received in 1875.

This station was commenced in 1860.

There have been from the commencement, two ordained missionaries, both married.

The mission has three chapels.

There are two out-stations.

There is one organized church.

There are three native preachers;-formerly there were three others. One of the native preachers is ordained, and in pastoral charge, being supported by the native church.

The two other preachers are paid by foreign funds.

The number of baptisms from the beginning, have been 83 adults. The numbers at present in church-fellowship are 43 male and 20 female-or 63 in all.

The native contributions amount to $133 per annum.

AMERICAN PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL MISSION.

In 1861, the Rev. H. M. and Mrs. Parker, with the Rev. D.D. and Mrs. Smith, arrived in Chefoo, to commence a station of this mission. In October of the same year, Mr. Parker was killed by the local rebels, and Mrs. Parker left for America. In the summer of 1862, Mrs. Smith died, and Mr. Smith left for America soon after. There has been no attempt to renew the mission since that time.

AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN MISSION.

In July, 1862, D. B. McCartee, M. D. went to reside at Chefoo, being the first of this mission to occupy the station. The Rev. H. and Mrs. Corbett arrived from America to join the mission on January 8th, 1864, and after a temporary residence at Tăngchow, settled at Chefoo the same year. In 1865, Dr. McCartee left for the south. Miss C. B. Downing joined the mission in 1866. The Rev. L. W. and Mrs. Eckard arrived in 1869. In 1871, the Rev. J. L. and Mrs. Nevius from Tăngchow joined the mission. In 1874, the Rev. L. W. Eckard left for the United States, on account of ill-health.

We are indebted to Dr. Nevius for the following summary received in 1875.

The Chefoo station was commenced in 1862.

From the commencement there have been altogether four married missionaries and a single lady.

There are at present two ordained missionaries-one of whom is married—and a single lady.

The mission has one chapel,-chiefly built of brick, and capable of seating about two hundred and fifty persons.