Evolution of Sameness and DifferenceCRC Press, 1999-08-19 - 356 psl. An analysis of the problem of how the sameness and difference in living things are controlled normally, in the course of development and maintenance, and abnormally, in the course of defective growth, tumours and cancer. Like everything else in life, the biological sameness and difference in organisms has evolved. An understanding of this biological evolution will help control abnormalities, such as those associated with birth defects and invasive, destructive tumours. |
Turinys
LIFES SAMENESSES AND DIFFERENCES | 1 |
Differences and Samenesses | 3 |
Lifes Unity | 5 |
Samenesses that Unite Living Things | 6 |
Differences that Separate Life from Nonlife | 16 |
Lifes Units | 21 |
Organisms | 22 |
Cells | 28 |
Eucarya | 129 |
Where Domains Meet 142 Shared Across the Three Domains | 142 |
Shared Across Two Domains | 143 |
Critique | 145 |
Been There Done | 146 |
Lineages Do Not Necessarily Come and Go from Points | 147 |
RECONCILING SAMENESS AND DIFFERENCE | 149 |
Early Earthlives | 151 |
Genes | 31 |
33 | 33 |
Critique of Lifes Apportionment to Units | 36 |
A Critique of Biology in the 20th Century | 37 |
Biologys Ontological Blindspot | 38 |
Biologys Epistemological Blindspots | 39 |
FINDING SAMENESS IN LIFES MOLECULES | 43 |
Biological Sameness | 45 |
Molecular Samenesses | 46 |
Individuating | 48 |
The Human Genome Project | 55 |
Genomic Samenesses | 58 |
Mapping | 59 |
Genomic Sequences | 65 |
Looking for Genes in the Genome | 68 |
Analyzing PolypeptideEncoding Sequences | 69 |
Gene Families and Classes | 74 |
Interpretation of Gene Families 83 Homology | 83 |
Confusing Molecular Families with Molecular Descent | 85 |
Categories of Sameness | 89 |
CONTENDING WITH DIFFERENCE | 93 |
A Brief History of Differences in Biology | 94 |
The New Look of Difference 100 Cladistics Methods | 100 |
Drawing Evolutionary Inferences from Molecular Differences | 103 |
Viruses and Retrotransposons | 105 |
RNA Viruses | 107 |
DNA Viruses | 110 |
DNARNA and RNADNA Switching Viruses Pararetroviruses | 111 |
The New Look at Cellular Life and Retroviruses and Retrotransposons | 115 |
Finding the Root of Difference | 116 |
Putting an Age on Difference | 118 |
Domains in Lifes Universal Phylogenetic Tree 120 Bacteria Also Called Eubacteria | 120 |
Archaea Also Called Archaebacteria | 126 |
A Geochronometric View of the Early Earth | 152 |
Origins | 153 |
Between Chemistry and Biology | 160 |
RNABased Genomes | 163 |
The RNA World | 164 |
Early Intronic | 167 |
Genetic andor Operational Codes | 168 |
DNABased Genomes | 172 |
Stable Conveyers of Heredity | 174 |
Repositories of Genomes | 178 |
Superfamilies of Genes | 181 |
Earthlives 186 Devolution of Noncellular Life | 186 |
Devolution of Cellular Life | 191 |
Critical Issues for Sameness and Difference | 203 |
EVOLUTION VERSUS DEVOLUTION | 207 |
Biologys Horseless Carriage | 209 |
What Is Evolution? | 210 |
Pervasive Ambiguity | 211 |
Virtual Evolution | 214 |
Evolutions Fuel | 216 |
Genes | 217 |
Mutations | 219 |
Devolution | 222 |
Evolutions Transmission 227 Genetic Continuity | 227 |
Devolution | 228 |
Evolutions Engine | 231 |
The Roots of Natural Selection | 232 |
Reprise | 237 |
ENDNOTES | 239 |
| 277 | |
| 325 | |
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Pagrindiniai terminai ir frazės
algae alignment alternative amino acids analysis animals anticodon Archaea bacteria base pairs biology biology's branch Cavalier-Smith cells cellular century changes chloroplasts chromosomes cloning clusters codons common ancestor complex concept containing cytoplasm database DNA sequences domains duplication Earthlife endosymbionts enzymes Eucarya eukaryotes evolution evolutionary example exons families forms fragments function genomic sequences heredity homology horizontal gene transfer host Human Genome Project identified individuals introns lateral gene transfer life's lineages living things mechanism membrane mitochondria molecular biologists molecules monophyletic motifs mRNA mtDNA mutations natural selection nitrogenous bases noncellular nuclear nucleic acid nucleotides organelles organisms origin phylogenetic tree plants polypeptide polypeptide-encoding problem produced prokaryotes proteins quences recombination regions replication resembling retrotransposons retroviruses reverse transcriptase ribosomal ribozymes RNA polymerase RNA viruses RNA world rRNA Science sequence data similar Sogin species splicing strand structure suggest superfamilies synthesis theory tion transcription translation tRNA University Press viral virus Woese yeast
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