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1660. him in the head, and made such a fracture in his skull, that the operation of the trepan, and the cure, was counted one of the greatest performances of surgery at that time. The difference between his father and him went on to a total breach; so that his father was set upon the disinheriting him of all that was still left in his power. Upon the restoration the marquis of Argile went up to the Highlands for some time, till he advised with his friends what to do, who were divided in opinion. He writ by his son to the king, asking leave to come and wait on him. The king gave an answer that seemed to encourage it, but did not bind him to any thing. I have forgot the words: there was an equivocating in them that did not become a prince: but his son told me, he wrote them very particularly to his father, without any advice of his own. Upon that the marquis of Argile came up so secretly, that he was within Whitehall, before his enemies knew any thing of his journey. He sent his son to the king, Argile sent to beg admittance. But instead of that, he was sent to the tower. And orders were sent down for clapping up three of the chief remonstrators. Of these Waristoun was one: but he had notice sent him .before the messenger came: so he made his escape, and went beyond sea, first to Hamburgh. He had been long courted by Cromwell, and had stood at a distance from him for seven years: but in the last year of his government he had gone into his counsels, and was summoned as one of his peers to the other house, as it was called. He was after that put into the council of state after Richard was put out: and then he sat in another court put up by Lambert and the army, called the committee of safety. So

to the

tower.

there was a great deal against him. Swinton, one 1660. of Cromwell's lords; was also sent a prisoner to Scot

land. And thus it was resolved to make a few ex-
amples in the parliament that was to be called, as
soon as the king could be got to prepare matters for
it. It was resolved on, to restore the king's author-107
ity to the same state it was in before the wars, and
to raise such a force as might be necessary to secure
the quiet of that kingdom for the future.

dels in

It was a harder point, what to do with the cita- The citadels that were built by Cromwell, and with the Scotland English garrisons that were kept in them. Many demolished. said, it was necessary to keep that kingdom in that subdued state; at least till all things were settled, and that there was no more danger from thence. The earl of Clarendon was of this mind. But the earl of Lauderdale laid before the king, that the conquest Cromwell had made of Scotland was for their adhering to him: he might then judge what they would think, who had suffered so much and so long on his account; if the same thraldom should be now kept up by his means: it would create an universal disgust. He told the king, that the time might come, in which he would wish rather to have Scotch garrisons in England: it would become a national quarrel, and loose the affections of the country to such a degree, that perhaps they would join with the garrisons, if any disjointing happened in England against him: whereas, without any such badge of slavery, Scotland might be so managed, that they might be made entirely his. The earl of Midletoun and his party durst not appear for so unpopular a thing. So it was agreed on, that the citadels should be evacuated and slighted, as soon as the

1660. money could be raised in England for paying and

disbanding the army. Of all this the earl of Lauderdale was believed the chief adviser. So he became very popular in Scotland.

Disputes The next thing that fell under consideration was episcopacy. the church, and whether bishops were to be re

concerning

stored, or not. The earl of Lauderdale at his first coming to the king stuck firm to presbytery. He told me, the king spoke to him to let that go, for it was not a religion for gentlemen. He being really a presbyterian, but at the same time resolving to get into the king's confidence, studied to convince the king by a very subtle method to keep up presbytery still in Scotland. He told him, that both king James and his father had ruined their affairs by engaging in the design of setting up episcopacy in that kingdom and by that means Scotland became discontented, and was of no use to them: whereas the king ought to govern them according to the grain of their own inclinations, and to make them sure to him he ought, instead of endeavouring an uniformity in both kingdoms, to keep up the opposition between them, and rather to increase than to allay that hatred that was between them: and then the Scots would be ready, and might be easily brought to serve him upon any occasion of dispute he might 108 afterwards have with the parliament of England: all things were then smooth: but that was the honey-moon, and it could not last long: nothing would keep England more in awe, than if they saw Scotland firm in their duty and affection to him: whereas nothing gave them so much heart, as when they knew Scotland was disjointed: it was a vain attempt to think of doing any thing in England by means of

the Irish, who were a despicable people, and had a sea to pass but Scotland could be brought to engage for the king in a more silent manner, and could serve him more effectually: he therefore laid it down for a maxim, from which the king ought never to depart, that Scotland was to be kept quiet and in good humour, that the opposition of the two kingdoms was to be kept up and heightened: and then the king might reckon on every man capable of bearing arms in Scotland, as a listed soldier, who would willingly change a bad country for a better. This was the plan he laid before the king. I cannot tell, whether this was to cover his zeal for presbytery, or on design to encourage the king to set up arbitrary government in England.

To fortify these advices, he wrote a long letter in white ink to a daughter of the earl of Cassilis, lady Margaret Kennedy, who was in great credit with the party, and was looked on as a very wise and good woman, and was out of measure zealous for them. I married her afterwards, and after her death found this letter among her papers: in which he expressed great zeal for the cause: he saw the king was indifferent in the matter: but he was easy to those who pressed for a change: which, he said, nothing could so effectually hinder, as the sending up many men of good sense, but without any noise, who might inform the king of the aversion the nation had to that government, and assure him that, if in that point he would be easy to them, he might depend upon them as to every thing else; and particularly, if he stood in need of their service in his other dominions: but he charged her to trust very few of the ministers with this, and to take care that

1660.

1660. Sharp might know nothing of it: for he was then jealous of him. This had all the effect that the earl of Lauderdale intended by it. The king was no more jealous of his favouring presbytery; but looked on him as a fit instrument to manage Scotland, and to serve him in the most desperate designs: and on this all his credit with the king was founded. In the mean time Sharp, seeing the king cold in the matter of episcopacy, thought it was necessary to lay the presbyterians asleep, to make them apprehend no danger to their government, and to engage 109 the public resolutioners to proceed against all the protesters; that so those who were like to be the most inflexible in the point of episcopacy might be censured by their own party, and by that means the others might become so odious to the more violent presbyterians, that thereby they might be the more easily disposed to submit to episcopacy, or at least might have less credit to act against it. So he, being pressed by those who employed him to procure somewhat from the king that might look like a confirmation of their government, and put to silence all discourses of an intended change, obtained by the earl of Lauderdale's means, that a letter should be writ by the king to the presbytery of Edenburgh, to be communicated by them to all the other presbyteries in Scotland, in which he confirmed the general assemblies that sat at St. Andrew's and Dundee while he was in Scotland, and that had confirmed the public resolutions; in which he ordered them to proceed to censure all those who had then protested against them, and would not now submit to them. The king did also confirm their (the) presbyterian government, as it was by law established. This was signed,

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