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ican colleges. Its students have no polite accomplishments. It is always painfully apparent that they have been educated in Connecticut."

The times favored the development of strong men, and while in the earlier years the Church claimed the majority of graduates, in later years statesmen and soldiers outnumbered all others. Four Yale graduates, Living

ston, Morris, Wolcott, and Hall, signed the Declaration of Independence; eighteen were in the convention that framed the Constitution. Thirty-four

ministers served as chaplains in the army, and there are rec

ords of one hundred and fifty graduates who served in the Continental line, including Wooster, Humphreys, Talmadge, Wadsworth, and Wyllys, the last of whom was in the leading battalion that stormed one of the Yorktown redoubts.

It is a notable fact that the descendants of James Pierpont, well called the founder of the college, have been closely associated with the conduct of its affairs for nearly two hundred years. Timothy Dwight, who was at the

head of the college
at the beginning of
the present cen-
tury, was his great
grandson through
the line of Jon-
athan Edwards
of the Class of
1720, the wonder-
ful preacher and
theologian whose
name to this day is
the most illustrious
in the Church of
New England.
Theodore D.
Woolsey, the late
honored President
of the college, was a
great great grand-
son of that James
Pierpont, and

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Princeton-Yale Game at the Field.

the Timothy Dwight of to-day is his lineal descendant. The first President Dwight was a man of large mind, a believer in all kinds of knowledge, and a generous friend of all good learning and thought. He was, by the testimony of all who knew him, remarkable for his personal magnetism over all sorts of men and for the fulness and symmetry of his powers. He developed largely the atmosphere of the early days of the New Haven Colony of individual freedom, of mutual re

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dence on the members of the upper classes was abolished as a relic of a barbarous

age.

One of the greatest services he rendered to the college was the selection of some graduates of unusual promise whom he influenced to become instructors, unconsciously shaping its educational policy for the next fifty years. Three of them were for more than half a century associated with one another in the service. The heading of the catalogue of 1806, at that time printed only upon a card, contains their names. There are men yet living in all parts of the world who will

they heightened the reputation of the college which President Dwight had extended throughout the whole country. Those who followed them proved worthy of the inheritance: Chauncey A. Goodrich, in service from 1817 to 1860, who clothed the dry bones of classic rhetoric and criticism with the flesh and blood of a living enthusiasm ; Theodore D. Woolsey, the very embodiment of a ripe and versatile scholarship, a master of the Greek language and literature, and an honored President for twenty-five years; Noah Porter, psychologist and lexicographer as well as President; Thomas A. Thacher, counsel

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smile at some incredible blunder and a soft "Yes?" followed by a statement in exact variance with the adventurous answer.

It was natural that a college whose professors continued so long in service should maintain a conservatism in its external appearance as well as in its administration. Many years must elapse before the architecture of the modern campus will be infused with the associations of the old brick row which it has supplanted. The plain buildings had no charm of fretted masonry or solid costliness. They made the background for a long vista of elms which dappled them with flickering light and shade and varied to the eye the soft wide slopes of the Green beyond. At night they stored, like reservoirs of sentiment, the harmonies of "Gaudeamus," the blithe strains of "The Sheepskin" or Cocachelunk " or the more tender songs of Francis M. Finch of '49:

66

Floating away like the fountain's spray,
Or the snow-white plume of a maiden.

And the echoes of his Alumni Song :

Clasp ye the hand 'neath the arches grand
That with garlands span our greeting,
With a silent prayer that an hour as fair
May smile on each after meeting;

And long may the song, the joyous song,
Roll on in the hours before us,
And grand and hale may the elms of Yale
For many a year bend o'er us.

In the memory of older graduates, too,
the simplicity and dignity of the old chap-
el were of higher worth than any structural
splendor. In and out of its portals daily,
morning and evening, poured for many
years the whole college body, saluting with
From that plain
reverent bow the President as he passed
down the centre aisle.
pulpit flanked by tutors' pews on either
side were preached sermons on the Nat-
ure of Sin, the Freedom of the Human
Will, and the Divine Decrees, the effusions
of a consistent and conservative theology.
A restless, mercurial throng listened to
them from below, watched over by vig-
ilant tutors in sentry-like boxes on the
side aisles. Over all in the galleries sat
the reverend professors and their families,
watching in majestic serenity the throb-
bing tide of youthful life. What devotion
there was in the beautiful music of the
college choir and how that grand old
hymn swelled out among the elms as it
does to-day from eight hundred voices :
If through unruffled seas

Toward heaven we calmly sail
With grateful hearts, O God, to Thee
We'll own the favoring gale;

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ceedings. Questions which passed the scrutiny of a committee that they might correct any "bad grammar, wrong spelling, or the like," were entered together with the answers on the minutes of the scribe. Here are some of them: "How is the greatest common measure discovered in algebraic quantities?" "To extract the square root of 18ths?" "What is the reason that tho' all rivers run into the sea, the sea doth not increase?" Nathan Hale, of the Revolution, propounded the following: "How are the parts of life divided?" The answer, "Into threethe vegetive, the sensitive, the rational." "What thing is the most delightful to man in the world?" Answer, "It is much as the person is; if he is luxurious,

PREX PORTER

has was the alati and regard of all when set with him during your

WILL WEAR

The singing furnished the only relief, and Professor Silliman felt this when after reading eight verses of a hymn, he finished with the line-" And sing to all eternity-omitting the last two stanzas." The congregation were dressed in motley, with a general predilection for a shawl or circular cloak and a pair of rubber boots to hide their naked frailties, and make them presentable for the hour of recitation which preceded a long-deferred breakfast.

TO CHAPEL

TO-MORROW MORNING! Announcement of Senior Furniture Sale. -Page 26.

In the social life of the college the great debating societies always held a prominent place, and contributed largely to that capacity for organization and that cohesion which has always been and is to-day a noticeable characteristic of Yale. Linonia, established in 1753, and Brothers in Unity, founded by David Humphreys in 1768, were intended to supply a literary culture which the curriculum did not furnish, and they fulfilled this office for one hundred years. They did much toward breaking down the barriers between the classes and promoting harmony and goodfellowship in college; they furnished ample opportunity for the display of forensic and literary ability and political activity. Extemporaneous disputes, orations, compositions, and humorous dialogues are mentioned in the earliest recorded pro

VOL. XXII.-2

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he delights most in what he ought most to be ashamed of. Virtuous men will take greatest delight in virtuous actions; but what is most delightful to most men is getting money." The first question in extemporary debates in 1772 was, "Is it right to enslave the Africans?'" Most of the subjects were theological and indicated a spirit of free inquiry for that time. "Can a finite nature commit infinite sin ?" "Is infant baptism a damage to religion?" "Was the punishment threatened to Adam in case of disobedience anything more

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than a temporal death ?"

When a new government was in process of formation, many political subjects found their way into the field of society debate. "Have the United States any right to oblige any one of the States to come into the Constitution?" "Ought not the slave-trade to be abolished?" "Is commerce on its present footing beneficial to the United States?"-were questions discussed by men who afterward had an active part in building States and the nation. The names of David Humphreys, friend and staff-officer of Washington, Timothy Dwight, Nathan Hale, James Kent, Jeremiah Mason, John C. Calhoun,

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