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is its underlying moral, and what passage expresses that moral most powerfully?

3. Describe the character and circumstances of Antonio. Notice particularly his behaviour (1) in conversation with the two merchants (Act I, Sc. I), (2) in his interview with Shylock (Act I, Sc. III), (3) in the Trial-Scene.

4.

II.

(1) A Frere ther was, a wantoun and a merye,
(2) A lymytour, a ful solempne man.
(3) In alle the ordres foure is noon that can
(4) So moche of daliaunce and fair langage.
(5) He hadde i-mad many a fair mariage
(6) Of yonge wymmen, at his owne cost.
(7) Unto his ordre he was a noble post.
(8) Ful wel biloved and famulier was he
(9) With frankeleyns over-al in his cuntré,
(10) And eek with worthi wommen of the toun:
(11) For he hadde power of confessioun,
(12) As seyde himself, more than a curat,
(13) For of his ordre he was licenciat.
(14) Ful sweetely herde he confessioun,
(15) And plesaunt was his absolucioun;
(16) He was an esy man to geve penaunce
(17) Ther as he wiste to han a good pitaunce;
(18) For unto a poure ordre for to geve
(19) Is signe that a man is wel i-schreve.
(20) For if he gaf, he dorste make avaunt,
(21) He wiste that a man was repentaunt.
(22) For many a man so hard is of his herte,
(23) He may not wepe although him sore smerte.
(24) Therefore in stede of wepyng and prayeres,
(25) Men moot give silver to the poure freres.
(26) His typet was ay farsed ful of knyfes
(27) And pynnes, for to give faire wyfes.
(28) And certaynli he hadde a mery noote.
(29) Wel couthe he synge and plen on a rote.
(30) Of yeddynges he bar utterly the prys.
(31) His nekke whit was as a flour-de-lys.

(a) Explain the following words and phrases :"a lymytour," "the ordres foure," "licenciat," "a good pitaunce," "is wel i-schreve," "although him sore smerte," "his typet was ay farsed," a rote," "yeddynges," "prys," "flour-de-lys."

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(b) line 3, Explain by its origin the use of "can" here. (line 17) Write explanatory notes on "wiste" and "han." (lines 20 and 21) Explain in your own words the meaning of these two lines. Parse "him.” in line 23.

(c) Explain the inflections of the following words : "of his herte," "and pynnes," "faire wyfes," "pleyen on a rote."

How

5. What was the nature of the Friar's office? did it differ from that of the Monk? Compare the two as types of degeneration.

6. Explain the following quotations from the Doctour of Phisik :

(1) He kepte his pacient wonderly wel
In houres by his magik natural.

(2) He knew the cause of every maladye,
Were it of cold, or hoot, or moyste, or drye.

(3) Old Ypocras....

...and Galien.

(4) For gold in phisik is a cordial.

7. What are the chief points in the character of the Doctour?

III.

8. (1) But sometimes still harder requisitions are laid on the poor aspirant to poetry; for it is hinted that he should have been born two centuries ago; inasmuch as poetry, about that date, vanished from the earth, and became no longer attainable by men! (2) Such cobweb speculations have, now and then, overhung the field of literature; but they obstruct not the growth of any plant there: the Shakespeare or the Burns, unconsciously and merely as he walks onward, silently brushes them away. (3) Is not every genius an impossibility till he appear? (4) Why do we call him new and original, if we saw where his marble was lying, and what fabric he could rear from it? (5) It is not the material but the workman that is wanting. (6) It is not the dark place that hinders, but the dim eye. (7) A Scottish peasant's life was the meanest and rudest of all lives, till Burns became a poet in it, and a poet of it; found it a man's life, and therefore significant to men.

(8) A thousand battlefields remain unsung; but the Wounded Hare has not perished without its memorial; a balm of mercy yet breathes on us from its dumb agonies, because a poet was there. (9) Our Halloween had passed and repassed, in rude awe and laughter, since the era of the Druids; but no Theocritus, till Burns, discerned in it the materials of a Scottish Idyll: neither was the Holy Fair any Council of Trent or Roman Jubilee; but nevertheless, Superstition and Hypocrisy and Fun having been propitious to him, in this man's hand it became a poem, instinct with satire and genuine comic life. (10) Let but the true poet be given us, we repeat it, place him where and how you will, and true poetry will not be wanting.

(a) What is meant by the opinion, referred to in sentence (1), that poetry had become extinct; what justification was there for such opinion?

(b) Why should the work of genius seem an impossibility till it appear?

(c) In sentence (7) express in your own words the emphatic meaning of "significant."

(d) Write brief explanatory notes on the following:"Halloween," "era of the Druids," "no Theocritus, "Scottish Idyll, " "Holy Fair,

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"Council of Trent."

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9. Illustrate from the extract given the qualities of Carlyle's diction, and contrast it with Macaulay's.

10. (a) Explain the following phrases in Carlyle's Essay on Burns, and the purpose for which they are used :— "Iron-mailed epics with their locality not on the earth," "Horace's rule Si vis me flere," "the burin of a Retzsch," "the logic of the senate and the forum," our Fletcher's aphorism," "still less is he a mad Rienzi," "the New and Old Light Clergy."

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(b) Give an account of Walter Scott's meeting with Burns.

PASS.

Senior English.

FIRST PAPER.

1.

I.

Macb. There's comfort yet: they are assailable;
Then be thou jocund: ere the bat hath flown
His cloister'd flight, ere to black Hecate's summons
The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy hums
Hath rung nights yawning peal, there shall be done
A deed of dreadful note.

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Macb. Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck,
Till thou applaud the deed. Come, seeling night,
Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day;

And with thy bloody and invisible hand
Cancel and tear to pieces that great bond

Which keeps me pale! Light thickens; and the crow
Makes wing to the rooky wood:

Good things of day begin to droop and drowse;
Whiles nights black agents to their preys do rouse.
Thou marvell'st at my words: but hold thee still:
Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.
So, prithee, go with me.

(a) What are the circumstances under which this dialogue takes place? Remark on the relations which at this time exist between Lady Macbeth and her husband.

:

(b) Explain his cloister'd flight," "shardborne," "seeling night," " that great bond," "Light thickens," ""the rooky wood."

(c) "Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill." Explain the principle asserted here.

It is too full o' the milk of human kindness

To catch the nearest way.

What two different interpretations have been given of the meaning of "kindness" here, and how do they bear on the question of Macbeth's character?

3. " Macbeth's spirit rises with external deeds and sinks. with internal conflicts." Examine this opinion.

II.

4. (a) Compare the classical and Shakespearean drama. in the following respects: (1) Unity of Action, (2) Complexity of Plot, (3) Freedom in representation of life and events; illustrating your remarks from Macbeth or Richard III.

(b) What is Aristotle's definition of unity in a work of art? Explain what is meant by a nemesis action; an enveloping action.

5. Samuel Johnson. Give an estimate of his character and intellect. Mention Johnson's chief works, adding remarks on the contents and value of each. Compare the Rambler and the Spectator in tone and style. Give Johnson's estimate of Dryden's versification, and explain his praise of Dryden as having "refined our language." State and examine Johnson's criticism of Milton's Sonnets. Compare Johnson's style with Gibbon's.

III.

6.

Quen sco was cummen that kirck wit-in,
Man moght a selcuth se to min,

That al thair idels, in a stund,
Grouelings fel vnto the grund,
Dun at the erth alle war thai laid.
Than come the propheci was said,-
'Quen he,' it sais, the Lauerd sal
Cum til Egypt, thair idels all
Sal fall dun, als thai war noght,

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