its author, for social evils, iii. 360.
Tendency of the theory towards the
production of recklessness and over-
population, iii. 362. Relieves the rich

and strong from all responsibility, iii.
365. Its unchristian character, iii. 366.
Man. How regarded in the British school,
i. 29. How he should be studied, i. 30.
Knows himself only as he knows ex-
ternal nature, i. 35. The subject of
Social Science, i. 41. Essential char-
acteristics of, i. 41. His first and great-
est need, i. 41. His obedience to the
great law of molecular gravitation, i.
42. Responsible to his Creator, and to
his fellow-men, i. 57.

the most dependent of all animals,
i. 41.

derives all his power from associa-
tion, i. 69.

alone gifted with the faculties re-
quired for mastering nature, i. 71.

adds nature's powers to his own, as
he becomes more enabled to command
her services, i. 154.

increase in the value of, as com-
pared with the precious metals, i. 156.
becomes more free, as the farmer
and the artisan come more near toge-
ther, i. 190.

the slave of nature, in the early
ages of society, i. 208.

the, who must go to any market,
must pay the cost of getting there, i.
278, ii. 192.

the ultimate object of all production,
iii. 21, 453.

grows in value as the societary cir-
culation becomes more rapid, iii. 93; as
the prices of rude products and finished
commodities more and more approxi-
mate, iii. 43, 59, 116, 187, 236, 369, 436.
attributes to himself all the utilities
he develops, iii. 111.

turns against nature all of her
powers that he qualifies himself to
master, iii. 332.

-, of, the master of nature, iii. 465.
Responsibility of, grows with the growth
of power, iii. 465.

and land at one end of the scale of
prices, and the most finished commo-
dities at the other, ii. 268.

two-fold existence of, iii. 401.
division of the organic functions
of, iii. 402.

division of the functions of the re-
lative life of, iii. 402.

vegetable and animal, individual
and relative life of, iii. 402.

the individual, an epitome of the
aggregate man, termed Society, iii. 404.
Mankind, increase in the numbers of, i. 64.

of the commodities he needs, i. 146.
great object, that of obtaining
power over nature, i. 158.

progress in the direct ratio of the
substitution of continued for intermit-
ted motion, i. 201.

progress, in whatsoever direction,
one of constant acceleration, i. 204.

life, a contest with nature, i. 263.
power grows with the substitution
of vegetable for animal food, iii. 317.

organic and relative life, local
centres of, iii. 405, 407.
Manufactures of Spain, i. 251; of Turkey,
i. 312; of Ireland, i. 320; of India, i.
339. Decline of these latter, under the
British system, i. 347; of France, ii.
64; of Denmark, ii. 112; of Germany,
ii. 125; of Russia, ii. 149; of Sweden,
ii. 167; of the United States, ii. 234.
decline in price, as the power of
combination grows, ii. 302.

in France, the handmaids of agri-
culture: in England, the substitutes for
it, ii. 311.

fall in the price of, in all those
countries in which the supply of the
precious metals has been increased, ii.
328.

always precede, and never follow,
the creation of a scientific agriculture,
iii. 333.

Manure, the necessity for, wholly over-
looked by economists, i. 336. The
most important of commodities, and
the one that least bears transportation,
i. 274, 277. Value of the, applied to
the British soil, i. 275.

Market, how proximity of the, tends to
the development of the utilities of mat-
ter, i. 386. Waste of nature's gifts,
consequent upon distance from, ii. 387.
Effects of proximity of, ii. 29.
Markets have become fields of battle,
under the system of laisser faire, iii.
440.

Marriages in England, iii. 291.
Massachusetts, course of settlement in, i.
108.

Material character of the modern politi-
cal economy, i. 192.
Mathematics an instrument, and not a
science, i. 10. Early study of, i. 12.
Must be used in Social Science, i. 33.
Matter susceptible of no other changes
than those of place and of form, i. 64.
Consumed in the production of force,
i. 65. Endless circulation of, i. 66.
The more rapid the circulation, the
greater the tendency to improvement
of its form, i. 80. Of changes in the
place of, i. 218, 263. Of mechanical
and chemical changes in the form of,

i. 219, 381. Of vital changes in the
form of, i. 220, ii. 17. Tendency of,
to assume higher forms, greatest at the
lowest point of organization, iii. 263.
Mayhew, Mr., on the vagabondism of
England, i. 443.

Mechanical and chemical changes in the
form of matter, of, i. 219, 381. Change
in the societary proportions consequent
upon extension of the power to effect,
i. 219. Require a knowledge of the
properties of matter, and therefore later
in development than changes of place,
i. 381.-(See Conversion.)

ingenuity of the United States, ii.

254.
Medici, origin of the fortunes of the, i.
258.

Mental and moral faculties, varied effects

of the, upon procreation, iii. 303.
Mercantile system, object of the, i. 418.
Metaphysical character of early science,
i. 13.

Method, of, in science, i. 32. Unity of
science, requires unity of, i. 33.

of Messrs. Ricardo and Malthus,

i. 33.
Methuen treaty, and its effects, ii. 274.
Mexico. Course of settlement in, i. 118.
Decline of, consequent upon the disap-
pearance of her manufactures, ii. 314.
No competition for the purchase of la-
bor in, iii. 240.

Michelet, M., on the British policy in India,
iii. 462.

Microscopic insects, importance of the
labors of, i. 72.

Middle classes of England, disappearance
of the, i. 447.

Middleman, the, always opposed to in-
crease of the power of association, i.
235.

Middlemen profit by the separation of
the consumers and the producers, i.
281.

of Ireland, i. 324; of Lapland, ii.

457.
Mill, J. S. His theory of Social Science,
î. 28. On value in land, i. 163. On
the changes of the societary propor-
tions of England, i. 436. On the utility
of money, ii. 299. On money, ii. 466.
On productive and unproductive labor,
iii. 45. On capital, iii. 71. On inte-
rest, iii. 128. On the occupation of
land, iii. 165. On the Ricardo theory
of Rent, iii. 166. On property in land,
iii. 169. On customary rights, iii. 257.
On the necessity for governmental in-
terference for the development of in-
dustry, iii. 428.

Miller, Hugh, on the working of the Brit-

ish system, i. 438.

Mississippi Valley. Course of settlement
in the, i. 115.

Missouri, of banking in, ii. 428.
Modern Economists. Errors of, i. 31, ii.
332, iii. 44.

political economy, material char-
acter of the, i. 192. Repulsive form
of the, i. 196. Anti-christian character
of the, i. 232. How it differs from that
of Adam Smith, i. 284. Regards man
as an instrument to be used by trade,
i. 474.

Molecular gravitation, law of, as exhib-
ited in Social Science, i. 42.
Momentary expediency, the rule of Brit-
ish action, i. 454.

How

Momentum of society grows with increase
of the societary circulation, i. 388.
Monetary centralization of France, ii. 412.
Money, of. Regarded by some econo-
mists as dead capital, ii. 298.
the societary movement would be af-
fected by its disappearance, ii. 299.
Of the supply of, ii. 308. Hume, on
the supply of, ii. 322. Extraordinary
influence of, ii. 323. The indispensa-
ble machinery of progress, ii. 323. Like
water, seeks the lowest level, ii. 324.
Increase in the supply of, tends to
lower the prices of finished commodi-
ties, while raising those of labor and
land, ii. 327. Charge for the use of,
ii. 335. Value of, declines with dimi-
nution of the cost of reproduction, ii.
335. Errors of economists in regard to,
ii. 337. To society, what fuel is to the
locomotive, and food to man, ii. 343.
Most potent of all the instruments used
by man, ii. 353. Of the trade in, ii.
356. The one commodity that is of
universal acceptance, ii. 356. The in-
dispensable instrument of association,
ii. 357. Falsification of, by Athens
and Rome, ii. 360; by France, ii. 361;
by England and Scotland, ii. 362. Ap-
parent abundance of, produced by bank
expansions, ii. 368. Value of, how af-
fected by expansions and contractions,
ii. 368. Hume on, ii. 446. Adam Smith
on, 453. McCulloch and Mill on, ii.
466.
Bastiat on, ii. 471. Chevalier

on, ii. 338, 478.

and Price, of, ii. 293.

is capital, but capital is not neces-
rily money, ii. 339.

-, export of, from Turkey, i. 316;
from Portugal, i. 308; from the United
States, ii. 438.

rents, effects of, ii. 78. Laing,
Mr. S., on, iii. 284.

shop, or bank, among the most
useful of societary instruments, ii.
445.

manufacturing centres of the world, i. |
390; of England, i. 408.
Monopolistic tendencies of trade and
transportation, i. 282.

Monopoly of the land, a cause of war and
discord, iii. 170.

Montalembert, M., on the dangers of
British society, i. 451.

Moral restraint of the sexual function,
iii. 300. Comes with growing self-
respect, iii. 363. Teachings of the
Ricardo-Malthusian school adverse to
the growth of, iii. 366.
Morality, unknown in affairs of State, i.
370.

Morals of war and trade, identity of the,
i. 216.

Mortality and fecundity, their relations,
iii. 304.

Morton's catalogue of skulls, iii. 301.
Motion. Essential to progress, i. 60.
Causes of societary motion, i. 61. In
the material world, a consequence of
physical heat: in the moral world, of
social heat, i. 91. The more continu-
ous, the greater is the force obtained,
i. 200. Man seeks, therefore, conti-
nuity of, i. 201. No continuity of, in
the movements of the isolated settler,
i. 200. Causes of heat and force in
the social, as in the physical world,
iii. 105.

laws of. Their application to
Social Science, i. 200.
Motto of England, the, i. 372.
Movable capital. Changes in the propor-

tion borne by, to that which is immo-
vable, iii. 57.

Movement of the precious metals, ii. 312.
Much philosophy required for observing

facts that are very near to us, i. 14.
Municipal corporations of Greece and
Rome, iii. 417; of the middle ages, iii.
418; of the United States, iii. 419.
Munro, Sir T., on the civilization of
India, i. 375.

N.

Nations can permanently prosper only as
they obey the golden rule of Christian-
ity, i. 422.

How they might profit by care-
ful study of the laws of Social Science,
iii. 469.
Natural advantages of the Turkish Em-
pire, i. 311; of Ireland, i. 331.

inclinations of man, according to
Adam Smith, i. 195.

law, provisions of, tending to the
production of international commerce,
i. 410.

laws, universality of the, i. 20, 62,
224, ii. 269. Simplicity their essential
characteristic, i. 105.
VOL. III.-32

Natural laws, in relation to the growth
of food and population, iii. 326.

laws, beauty and harmony of, iii.
320. Justify the ways of God to man,
iii. 327.

poverty of Sweden, ii. 167.

tendency to rise in the prices of
the rude products of the soil, i. 427.
wages, as defined by modern eco-
nomists, i. 31, 419.

Nature, the master of isolated man, the
slave of associated men, i. 103.

goes on adding perfection to per-
fection, from the Poles to the Tropics,
iii. 330.

Nature's services, gratuity of, i. 173.

gifts wasted, in the absence of
the power of association, i. 387, ii. 30.
Navigation laws of England, i. 398; of
the United States, ii. 186. Adam Smith
on the, iii. 426.

Nerves and brain, special and general
functions of, iii. 297.

, diversity in the structure of, cor-
responds to variety of their functions,
iii. 403.

Nervous and generative powers antago-
nised by organic laws, iii. 301.

co-ordination, the analogue of
civil government, iii. 403.

functions and sexual impulses,
antagonism of the, iii. 300.

system, co-ordinating office of the,
iii. 402.
Netherlands, early development of indi-
viduality, and of the power of combi-
nation in the, iii. 27.

New England, early standard of value of,
ii. 295.

banks. Movements of, ii.
424. Minute division of ownership of,
ii. 432. Facility with which they are
formed, ii. 443. Excellence of the cur-
rency furnished by, ii. 443.

109.

Jersey, course of settlement in, i.

settlements, waste of labor in, ii. 24.
York, course of settlement in, i.
108.

No natural reason why any community
should fail to become more prosperous
from year to year, i. 230.
Non-producers, their large absorption,
under the British system, of the com-
modities produced, i. 437.

No private property in ever-moving mat-
ter, i. 79.

Norway. Local centres of, i. 49. Early
civilization of, i. 50. Middlemen of,
ii. 457.

Nothing but employment needed in Ire-
land, i. 327.

Nutritive functions of the infant inde-
pendent of the brain, iii. 405.

Order and liberty combined and secured,
iii. 406.

Organic law, corrective of excessive pro-
creation, iii. 302.

laws antagonize the nervous and
generative powers, iii. 301.

laws adjust the reproductive func-
tion to the varying conditions of the
human race, iii. 296.

life of the individual man analo-
gous to the societary life of the race,
iii. 404.

Organization individualizes, while pro-
moting combination, whether in man,
or in societies of men, iii. 405.
resistance to gravitation in the
direct ratio of the, i. 89.

-, societary, subordination in the
ratio of the perfection of the, iii. 455.
Organized bodies, whether in the physical

or social world, grow from within, iii.
446. The more their growth, the more
perfect their independence, iii. 447.
Organs of the body, and distribution of
its functions, iii. 297.

of the body, relative subordina-
tion of, to the brain, iii. 403.
Over-population. How produced in Ire-
land, i. 337. Thornton on, iii. 363,

423.

theory, origin of the, i. 307,
413, 437. Finds its most useful facts
in England, ii. 105. The doctrine of
slavery, anarchy, and societary ruin,
iii. 464.-(See Malthusian Theory.)

P.

Parasitic races of France, ii. 44.
Parliament of England, growth of power
in the, ii. 45.

Parnell, Sir H., on the British colonies, i. |
457, iii. 223.

Passy, M., on French agriculture, ii. 61, iii.
140; on the Malthusian theory, iii. 367.
Patent laws of Great Britain, extension
of, over India, ii. 264.

Pathology and physiology of society, i.
231.

Pauper children of England, iii. 393; of
the United States, iii. 394.

Pauperism. Of England, i. 417. No
complaints of, in Northern Germany,
ii. 143. Of the United States, ii. 264,
277. A privilege of freedom, in Athens,
iii. 26. A necessary consequence of
the cheap labor-system of England, iii.
438.

Peace of 1815, general ruin which fol-
lowed the, ii. 107.

Peaceful progress of Athens, which fol-
lowed the Solonian legislation, i. 241.
Peel, Sir Robert. His Bank Act of 1844,
ii. 384. Its failures, ii. 387. Char-
acter of his mind, ii. 406.
Pennsylvania, course of settlement in, i.
110.

People of France, changes in the condi-
tion of the, ii. 58.

i. 409.

tyrant, a many-headed monster,

Perfect harmony of all the real and per-
manent interests of men, i. 429.
Periods of greatest splendor in Athens,
Rome, and England, ii. 106.
Perpetual warfare of Great Britain, iii.
377.

Person and property, insecurity of, in
early settlements, i. 139.
Phenomena of the universe resolvable
into matter and motion, i. 65.

of England of the 14th century,
resemblance of, to those of agricultural
communities of the present day, i. 395.

of growing and declining civili-
zation of ancient and modern times, i.
459,461.

of national progress, iii. 22; of
decline, iii. 40.
Philosophers. How they might profit by
the study of Social Science, iii. 470.
Phoenician monopolies, i. 390.
Phosphate of lime, importance of the, i.

81.

Physical and social laws, identity of the,
i. 40, 54, 199, ii. 269, 353, iii. 105, 244,
328, 447, 456, 463, 466.

power, the only wealth in the early
stages of society, i. 207.

science, developed from the ab-
stract to the concrete, i. 13.
Physics precede chemistry in the order
of development, i. 14. Their relation
to chemistry, i. 14.
Physiology, dependence of, on chemistry,
i. 15. Its relation to astronomy, i. 16.
and pathology of society, i. 231.
illustrates the societary functions
of man, iii. 402.
Pisa, constant wars of, for obtaining a
monopoly of trade, i. 249.

Place, of changes of matter in, i. 263.
Necessity for, constitutes the great ob-
stacle to human improvement, i. 365.
That necessity increases, as employ-
ments become less diversified, i. 367.-
(See Transportation.)
Plant, the, the ruin of the past, and the
germ of the future, i. 67.

the, a manufacturer of soil, i. 78.
The servant of the animal, i. 84.

and animal ordained to return
their borrowed materials to mother
earth, i. 82. Compliance with this order,
the condition of human progress, i. 86.
Planter, the. How he is taxed by the
British system, i. 432.

Planting States of America, small pro-
duction of the, iii. 99.

Point, the, at which men and animals
stand upon a level with each other, i.
79.

Policies of England and France, wide
difference of the, ii. 44.

of England and Holland, resem-
blance between the, ii. 73.
Political Economy, a branch of Social
Science. Treats of measures required
for giving effect to natural laws, iii.
409. Errors of the modern system of,
i. 28, 463, iii. 134.

system of the United States, cor-
responds to the federative system of
government exhibited in the human
body, iii. 408.

Polynesia, the trader the curse of, i. 369.
Poor-laws of England, institution of the,

i. 398. Malthus and Ricardo on, iii.
436. English theory and practice in
regard to, iii. 437. Extension of, to
Ireland and Scotland, iii. 438. Neces-
sity for, iii. 412.

Poor men cultivate such soils as they can,
not such as they would, i. 139.

soils first occupied, i. 97; in the
United States, i. 108; in Mexico, i. 118;
in the West Indies and Central Ame-
rica, i. 120; in South America, i. 121;
in England, i. 122; in Scotland, i. 124;
in France, i. 126; in Belgium, i. 128 ;
in Scotland and Scandinavia, i. 129;
in Russia and Germany, i. 130; in
Hungary and Italy, i. 131; in Corsica
and Sicily, i. 132; in Greece, Africa,
and the Pacific Islands, i. 133; in India,
i. 134.
Population, of.

Tends to increase as
man is enabled to obtain vegetable
food, i. 95. Brings the food from the
richer soils, i. 139, 384, ii. 31. Effects
of diminution therein, i. 145. Move-
ment of, in France, ii. 45. Phenomena
of, in the United States, iii. 100, 264.
Tendency of matter to assume higher
forms, and thus promote increase of,

Ope-

iii. 263. Period required for duplica-
tion of, iii. 264. Error of modern the-
ories of, iii. 266. Creator's blunder
in reference to, supposed to require
"positive checks" for their correction,
iii. 267. Facts in regard to, mistaken
for the laws of, iii. 267. Growth of, in
England, iii. 269. Inconsistencies of
theorists, in reference to, iii. 270. Self-
adjusting laws of, iii. 272. How in-
crease in the power of association tends
to affect the growth of, iii. 274.
ration of division of the land in refe-
rence to, iii. 276. How it is affected
by growing feeling of responsibility,
iii. 279. How cotter tenancy affects
the growth of, iii. 279. Reckless-
ness promotes increase of, iii. 286.
English phenomena, in reference to,
iii. 287, 290. American phenomena
of, iii. 293. Pioneer life favorable to
increase of, iii. 293. Causes of Mal-
thusian error in regard to, iii. 310.
Security against excess of, to be found
in the development of the real MAN,
iii. 311. Causes of apparent excess of,
iii. 311. Natural laws regulating the
growth of, iii. 312. Westminster Re-
view on the law of, iii. 312. Increase
of, causes extension of cultivation over
richer soils, iii. 313. Effect upon, con-
sequent upon the substitution of vegeta-
ble for animal food, iii. 316. Pressure
of, upon subsistence, in the countries
that follow in the lead of England, iii.
321. Laws by which the supply of
food is adjusted to meet the wants of a
growing, i. 88, iii. 325. Necessity for
checks to, grows with growing excess
of centralization, iii. 464.
Population, Malthusian theory of, i. 91,
iii. 351.-(See Malthusian Theory.)

and sustenance, harmonies and
compensations of, iii. 304.

and wealth of Portugal, i. 308.
How skilled industry affects the
growth of, iii. 304, 305.

, self-acting law of, tends to a
harmony of conditions, iii. 305, 308.
, testimony of craniology in refe-
rence to, iii. 301.
Portugal. Trading power of, i. 249.
Splendor and decline of, i. 250. Splen-
dor of, in the 16th century, i. 308.
Manufactures abandoned by the gov-
ernment of, i. 308. Diminution of
wealth and population of, i. 309. Sta-
tionary condition of, i. 310. Decline
of agriculture in, and weakness of the
government of, i. 311.
Positive and comparative wealth, differ-
ence between, i. 192.

knowledge of natural phenomena
derived from direct observation, i. 9.