mitted to the first spar gate, through which he communicates the intention of his errand; if be brings provisions, within the middle gate stands a large tub of water, into which they are thrown from a little door, and are not taken out again until the outer gate is shut: if bread is brought, it must be hot, at which time it cannot communicate infection. Letters and other papers are conveyed on the end of a piece of wood or cane, with a slit in it, and are fumigated with nitre and brimstone. By these means it is almost impossible that the plague should find entrance into the houses, where the inhabitants keep themselves closely confined till its rage is spent." P. 120, 122.

Locusts and storks.

"I slept one night at Bugiah: in the evening every thing was clothed with verdure; during the night, a cloud of locusts made their appearance, and by the morning scarcely a leaf was to be seen; they spread the same devastation over the whole surrounding country.

"The locusts which visit the vicinity of Smyrna, are exactly like large grasshoppers, and although they must fly, in order to come into the country, yet they seem to depend entirely on their legs afterward.

"The stork, which abounds in Turkey, destroys the locusts in great quantities: these birds are great favourites with the Mahometans; they build their nests in the roofs of their houses, or in high trees in the neighbourhood of their villages, where they remain quite tame, and free from molestation: they live upon vermin and reptiles, and destroy snakes in numerable. In shape and size they resemble a heron; the legs and the beak are red and very long, the body and neck pure white, and the wings jet black; notwithstanding this they appear very ugly birds. They pay an annual visit to Turkey; they arrive in vast numbers about the middle of March, and always in the night; they arrange their progress very systematically; they send forward their scouts, who make their appearance a day or two before the grand army, and then return to give in their report, after which the whole body advances, and on its passage leaves, during the night, its detachments to garrison the different towns and villages on their way. Early in October, they take their departure in the same manner, so that no one can tell from whence they come, or whither they go. They are known in the night time to leave all the villages, and have been seen in the air like immense clouds ; they leave none behind but those who, from infirmity or accident, are unable to fly. A person, who, at the season of their departure, was in the habit of coming from the interior, told me, that, on his journey the year preceding, he had seen thousands and hundreds of thousands of them near the banks of a river, and that they annually assemble there, and when the general sees that his whole army is collected, he at a given moment sets them in motion, leaving a detachment, no doubt, to bring up the stragglers." P. 124-127.

Christians may learn a lesson from the Mahometans, in the following passage.

"Near this hut we saw an old camel who was passing the evening of her days in plenty and tranquillity; for it is a humane principle of the Turks, that an old servant ought never to be deserted when age or sickness has disabled him from being any further useful. Here she lay basking in the sun's rays, beside a plenteous fountain, or browsing in the verdant shade, as fancy or appetite dictated, whilst the children of the village playing around her, are taught, by parents called savage, to be grateful for past services, and to respect and venerate old age."P. 144, 145.

One of the oriental presents much valued is butargo, the roe of the white mullet caught in the Cyster, and salted and dried. Hereby hangs a tale.

"We made a monopoly of it, and bought every piece that we could procure, to send to our friends in Europe. I cannot here help relating to you the following anecdote, respecting a parcel of butargo: a gentleman in Smyrna sent some in a present to a friend of his in Amsterdam; the Dutchman was vastly pleased with it, and wrote to him to send him another quantity in the season following; to preserve it, the Jews, who use it in great quantities, dip it in hot bees-wax, in consequence of which, the air is entirely excluded, and it will keep good for years. The Dutchman's butargo was this season dipped in the wax, in order to its better preservation; of this he was not aware, and ate it, wax and all, unwilling to lose any part of it; however, in repeating his order to his friend the season following, he mentioned that the butargo had proved excellent, but that it was different from what he had formerly received, as it had something about it which made it stick to the teeth, and was troublesome to eat; he therefore begged that this circumstance might be attended to in sending him a further quantity of the article." P. 147, 148.

In reading this, we think of the Englishman, who dining at a Restorateur's on Maintenon cutlets, eat the paper and all. Ephesus.

"The city of Ephesus formerly so celebrated, has now no other boast than that of being one of the most miserable of Turkish villages. No traces are to be seen of Demetrius, the silversmith, nor any of his fellows, who served the great Diana of the Ephesians with shrines. The magnificent city is now reduced to a few wretched huts, inhabited by some of the most poverty-stricken beings on the face of the earth.”-P: 151.

Here we have a curious instance of skill in surgery.

"The hotel in which we took up our lodgings, was the only coffeehouse the city could boast of; it consisted but of one apartment, which served at once for us, our servants, guards, guides, and the host; his sallow looks prompted me to enquire into the state of his health; he said he thanked God and the Prophet it was now pretty good, although he had been but lately very ill. This poor fellow had a short time before been overtaken on his walk by a bull, who gave him chace, threw him down, and after goring him to a dreadful degree, tossed him from his horns to a considerable distance, where he lay with his bowels hanging out. The wounded man, as well as he was able, crawled home, where he found his friend, to whom, by the bye, I forgot to give a place in our apartment, and who, from a corner of the same, administered to the wants of his fellow-subjects, in the quadruple capacity of physician, surgeon, tooth-drawer, and blacksmith; to use his own words, this son of Esculapius hoisted him up by one leg, letting his head hang down, stuffed in his guts with his fingers, and sewed up the wound with a piece of packthread,' over all he clapped a plaster of pitch, to keep out the air; after this, and forty days confinement, Alla Kerim,' a Turkish expres. sion generally used, expressive of the goodness of God, he was enabled to resume his trade, of making coffee for his brother villagers."→→ P. 152-154.

Mr. Macgill's description of the Ephesian temple, and the environs, with his remarks, is very poor. The account of Constantinople, (Letter XIV. Vol. I.) is better, and in treating of commerce he is at home.

As the Turkish throne is in a tottering state, it is perhaps of little consequence, otherwise it might be well to attend to what Mr. M. says, about sending young men of family, as secreta. ries to the Porte.

"It would be better that they should remain at school in their native country for a few years longer, and that the government should select men of capacity, who would feel inclined to be of service to the state. Even these diplomatic boys themselves are mistaken, if they think Turkey a country where they may carry on their intrigues at pleasure. The Turkish fair are too well guarded; and the Turk will take his revenge without ceremony: there are no trials for gallantry here, and papa's purse will have but little weight with an enraged Mussulman. Besides, drinking is held in abhorrence by the better sort of people. A drunken gentleman is looked upon as a brute; in short, Turkey will not do for boys who leave home to seek pleasure-it is fit only for men of business." P. 193, 194.

From the first volume we shall make but one more extract.Russian precedence, and a singular reason for making generals.

"I must now give you some account of the people I am amongst. Of the society of Taganrock, I think but indifferently; it is composed of two classes, those who are military, and those who are not, and they equally despise each other; from what I have seen, the military are proud, ceremonious, and mean. I have more than once been highly amused at a Russian feast; all at table are here served according to their rank: first, the general and his lady, then the colonel and his, and so on, ́ through every gradation or degradation of rank. At last, after the dignitaries are served, the scraps come to the civilians. This accounts for what we think so strange in the Russian nation, where there are so many generals who are not soldiers, otherwise civilians, with the title and rank of generals; these are conferred on them by the government, to exalt, in society, those who would otherwise be fed on seraps at a feast." P. 220, 221.

[To be concluded in our next.]

Corruption and Intolerance, two Poems, with Notes. Addressed to an Englishman, by an Irishman. 800. pp. 64. Carpenter.

1808.

"Is there a man in all England," who thinks that the Irish union is not the noblest of acts, Mr. Percival, the most capable of ministers, the Duke of York the greatest of generals, and Lord Mulgrave a prime First Lord of the Admiralty, that is the man who will swear by this pamphlet, and love it better than his prayers-its admirers of course must be few!

The first poem is done-Corruption is complete, but that on Intolerance is "but the imperfect beginning of a long series of essays, with which," says the author, "I here menace my readers upon the same subject." He is clearly interested in the encouragement of the spirit of toleration !

Of the poems we may say that they contain some nervous lines, but their merit is inferior to the merit of the body of notes, which is suspended from them.-Therefore the writer has said that-" as horses too dull for the saddle may serve well enough to draw lumber, so poems of this kind make excellent beasts of burden, and will bear notes, though they may not bear reading." P. v.

In a word Le P. S. vaut bien la lettre, and from the P. S. (unless, as it is very probable, the notes were written first, and the poem afterwards) we shall make our extracts.

John Bull will be pleased with the quotation from the use and abuse of parliament, at p. 12. Whigs and Tories-" Those two thieves, (says Ralph) between whom the nation was crucified."

The most pointed of the commentary is in this style.

"Somebody has said, ' Quand tous les Poëtes seroient noyés, ce ne seroient mie grande dommage; but I am aware that this would be most uncivil language at a time when our birth-day odes and state-papers are written by such pretty poets as Mr. P-e and Mr. C-nn-g. I can assure the latter too that I think him (like his water-proof colleague Lord C-stl-r-gh) reserved for a very different fate from that which the author I have just quoted imagines for his poetical fraternity. All I wish is, that he would change places with his brother P-e, by which means we should have somewhat less prose in our odes, and certainly less poetry, in our politics." P. 23, 24.

"We are told by Tacitus of a certain race of men, who were particularly useful to the Roman emperors; they were called 'instrumenta regni,' or 'Court Tools,' from which it appears, that My Lords M-1gr-ve, Ch-th-m, &c. &c. are by no means things of modern invention."--P-25.

-Though I feel as if indignant Heaven
Must think that wretch too foul to be forgiven,
Who basely hangs the bright, protecting shade
Of Freedom's ensign o'er Corruption's trade,
And makes the sacred flag he dares to shew
His passport to the market of her foe!-
Yet, yet, I own, so venerably dear

Are Freedom's grave old anthems to my ear,

That I enjoy them, though by rascals sung,

And reverence Scripture ev'n from Satan's tongue."

To which he tacks this note.

P. 28, 29.

"While they promise them liberty, they themselves are the servants of corruption.' 2 Pet. ii.—I suggest with much deference to the expounders of Scripture prophecy, whether Mr. C-nn-ng is not at present fulfilling the prediction of the scoffers,' who were to come in the last days."

At p. 31, we are told that "three C.'s were branded in the Sybilline books, as fatal to the peace and liberty of Rome. Tgia nana xaxıça. (Cornelius Sylla, Cornelius Cinna, and Cornelius Lentulus*). And three C.'s will be remembered in Ireland as

* See a treatise by Pontus De Thiard, "De recta Nominum Impositione,” p. 43.