liberty of conscience, and of exercising their religion publicly or privately, within their own dwelling-houses, or in the chapels and places of worship appointed for that purpose, agreeably to the system of toleration established in the dominions of his said majesty.

Art. 13. The government of Colombia engages to co-operate with his Britannic majesty, for the total abolition of the Slave Trade, and to prohibit all persons inhabiting within the territories of Colombia, in the most effectual manner, from taking any share in such trade.

Art. 14. And forasmuch as it would be convenient and useful, for the purpose of facilitating the mutual good understanding between the two contracting parties,

and for avoiding all difficulties henceforward, that other articles should be proposed and added to the present treaty, which articles, both from a want of due time for their consideration, as well as from the pressure of circumstances, cannot at present be drawn up with the required perfection, it has been, and is agreed, on the part of both powers, that they will, with the least possible delay, come forward to treat and agree upon such articles as may be wanting to this treaty, and deemed mutually advantageous; and such articles, when they are agreed upon and duly ratified, shall form part of the present treaty of alliance, commerce, and navigation.

The 15th article relates to the ratification of the treaty.

An extensive commerce having existed for many years between the dominions of his Britannic majesty and the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, it seems advisable, for the safety and promotion of the said commerce, and the consolidation of good understanding between his majesty and the said provinces, that these existing relations should be formally recognized and confirmed by a treaty of friendship and navigation. With this view, they have named for their respective plenipotentiaries, viz. his majesty the King of Great Britain, Mr. Woodbine Parish, his majesty's consul-general at Buenos-Ayres; and the United Provinces, Don M. Jose Garcia, minister for Foreign Affairs, &c. who having exchanged their full powers, have agreed on the following articles :

Art. 1-Stipulates perpetual friendship between the dominions and subjects of the two parties.

2. Reciprocal freedom of trade, on the same footing as any other foreign subjects.

3. His Britannic majesty agrees that in all his dominions in Europe, and other parts of the world, the inhabitants of the United Provinces shall enjoy the freedom of trade stipulated in the preceding articles, to the whole extent that it is now permitted, or may be permitted in future, to any other nation.

4. No article of the produce or manufacture of either party shall be subjected, in the dominions of the other, to higher duties than similar articles from other foreign countries; nor shall any prohibition to export or import any articles of produce or manufacture, from or

into the respective dominions, be imposed, unless such prohibition include the same articles of other countries.

5. Vessels of above 120 tons of either party shall not pay any tonnage, light-house, pilotage, salvage, or other local duty, in any of the ports of the other party, higher than the national vessels of the country to which the port belongs. 6. Articles of the produce or manufacture of either party shall pay the same import duties in the ports of the other, whether they are imported in the ships of Great Britain or of the United Provinces; and the same bounties, allowances, and drawbacks shall be paid on the exportation of such articles of produce or manufacture from either country, whether exported in British ships or those of the United Provinces.

7. To prevent misunderstandings, it is stipulated that all ships built in his majesty's dominions, which are owned, manned, and registered according to the laws of Great Britain, shall be considered as British ships; and that all vessels built in the territories of the said provinces, duly registered, owned by citizens of the said provinces, or of any one of them, whose captain and three-fourths of the crew are citizens of the said provinces, shall be considered as vessels of the United Provinces.

8. Every merchant, commander of a ship, and other subjects of his Britannic majesty, shall enjoy in all the territories of the United Provinces, the same liberty as the natives to manage his own affairs, to confide them to whomever he pleases as his factor, agent, or interpreter, without being obliged to employ or pay for that purpose any persons whatever, unless he thinks

fit to employ them; the buyer and seller to have at all times full liberty to contract and fix at their pleasure the price of all effects, merchandise, &c. imported into or exported from the said United Provinces.

9. In all points relative to the unloading of vessels, the security of merchandise and effects, the disposal of property of every description by sale, donation, exchange, or other mode whatsoever, as well as to the administration of justice, the subjects of the contracting parties shall enjoy respectively in the dominions of each other the same rights, privileges, and franchises, as those of the most favoured nations. They shall not pay higher duties in taxes than the subjects of the state in which they reside; they shall be exempt from all military service whatever, either by sea or land, from all forced loans, exactions, or military requisition; nor shall they be obliged to pay any ordinary contributions under any pretext greater than the natural subjects and citizens of the other party.

10. Each of the parties may appoint consuls as usual, who shall not exercise their functions till duly approved by the government to which they are sent, and either party may except to the residence of consuls in such particular places as it may please to except.

11. For the greater security of commerce between the subjects of the contracting parties, it is stipulated that in case of any unfortunate interruption of the amicable relations of commerce, or a breach between the two parties, the subjects and citizens of each residing in the dominions of the other shall have the privilege of remaining and continuing their trade, without any

interruption, so long as they behave peaceably, and do not in any way offend the laws; and their effects and property, whether confided to individuals or to the state, shall not be subject to embargo or sequestration.

12. The subjects of his Britannic majesty, residing in the united provinces of Rio de la Plata, shall not be disturbed, persecuted, or molested on account of their religion, but they shall enjoy a perfect liberty of conscience in them, celebrating divine worship in their own houses, or in their own particular churches or chapels, which they shall be authorized to build and maintain in convenient situations, which shall be approved of by the government of the said United Provinces; it shall also be permitted to bury the subjects of his Britannic majesty, who shall die in the country of the United Provinces, in their own cemeteries, which they may in like manner form and maintain there. On the other hand the subjects of the said United Provinces shall enjoy in all the dominions of his Britannic majesty, a perfect and unlimited freedom of conscience, and the exercise of their religion, public or private, in the houses where they reside, or in the chapels and religious houses destined for that purpose, conformably to the system of toleration established in his majesty's dominions.

13. The subjects of his Britannic majesty residing in the United Provinces may freely dispose of their property of every description in whatever form they please, or by will, as they think fit; and if a British subject should die in the United Provinces without a will or disposition of his property, his majesty's consul-general, or, in

his absence, his representative, shall be authorized to appoint guardians, who shall take care of the property for the lawful heirs and creditors, without any interference, giving notice to the authorities of the country, and reciprocally.

14. His Britannic majesty, anxiously desiring the abolition of the slave-trade, the united provinces of Rio de la Plata engage to cooperate with his majesty in accomplishing so beneficial a work; and to prohibit all persons residing in the United Provinces, or subject to their jurisdiction, in the most effectual manner, and by the most solemn laws, from taking any part in the said traffic.

15. The above treaty shall be ratified, and the ratification exchanged in four months or sooner if possible.

In testimony whereof the said plenipotentiaries have hereunto set their hands and seals.

Done at Buenos Ayres, the 2nd of February, in the year of our Lord 1825.

(L. S.) M J. GARCIA.
(L. S.) WOODBINE PARISH."

We, Juan Gregorio de las Heras, Captain-general and Governor of the province of Buenos Ayres, charged with the supreme executive power of the united provinces of Rio de la Plata, now assembled in congress having in conformity with the fundamental law of the 23rd of January, 1825, communicated the said treaty to the constituent congress for its assent, and having obtained its full powers and approbation to ratify and confirm the said treaty, by this present act we ratify and confirm it in due form, promising and engaging, in the name of the said United Provinces,

that all the stipulations and obligations in the same shall be sacredly and inviolably fulfilled.

In testimony whereof, we sign with our hand the present instrument of ratification, and have caused it to be attested by our minister

of war and marine, solemnly sealing it with the national seal at Buenos Ayres, the 19th of February, in the year of our Lord 1825.

JUAN GREGORIO DE LAS HERAS. FRANCISCO DE LA CRUZ.

Whereas a cruel and destructive war has for several years raged between certain tribes of the Kussoo nation and the inhabitants of the countries bordering on the Sherbro Bulloms, which countries the said tribes of the Kussoos have conquered and destroyed, and the defenceless inhabitants of which they have cruelly murdered or sold into slavery: and whereas the said Kussoo tribes have already commenced hostilities against the said Sherbro Bulloms, and have overrun and depopulated part of the territories belonging to the said Banka, king of Sherbro, and Ya Comba, queen of Ya Comba, their allies, tributary kings, chiefs, and headmen, and have manifested so determined a spirit as to leave no room to doubt that their ultimate object is, to overrun the said territories to exterminate the present possessors of the soil by the sword, or by selling them into slavery; and so satisfied thereof

are the said Banka and Ya Comba, their tributary kings, chiefs, and headmen, that they have, of their own free will and accord, stepped forward and thrown themselves and their countries upon the protection of his excellency the governor-general of Sierra Leone and the British government, as the surest means of saving themselves and subjects from the destruction threatened by their cruel and implacable enemies: and whereas, in the progress of the said war violent outrages have been committed by parties to the war, upon the property and persons of British subjects engaged in lawful trade and commerce, plundering the one, seizing and selling into slavery the others: and whereas his excellency the governor-general of Sierra Leone, feeling no less apprehension for the peace and security of his Britannic majesty's territories

the war having already approached the frontiers of the colony

of Sierra Leone-than indignation at the insults offered to his nation, in the outrages committed on the persons and properties of its subjects, has determined, for the peace and security of the British possessions, and for checking the further progress of this cruel and desolating war, to accede to the prayer of the said kings, chiefs, and headmen.

Wherefore his excellency Charles Turner, knight companion of the most honourable the military order of the Bath, commander of the Portuguese order of the Tower and Sword, and of the Turkish order of the Crescent, captaingeneral and governor-in-chief of the colony of Sierra Leone and its dependencies, the forts and settlements on the river Gambia, Cape Coast Castle, and the forts on the Gold Coast, the Isles de Loss, and the islands, territories, and factories to his majesty belonging on the western coast of Africa, from the twentieth degree of north latitude to the twentieth degree of south latitude; vice-admiral, chancellor, and ordinary of the same; major-general of his majesty's land forces, colonel of his majesty's royal African colonial corps, and commander-in-chief of his majesty's forces on the western coast of Africa, &c. &c., on the part and behalf of his Britannic majesty: and Banka, king of Sherbro, by the advice and consent of his tributary kings, chiefs, and headmen-namely Sumana, king of Bendoo; Suwarrow, king of Char; Kong Cuba, prince of Sherbro; Ta Bompay, king of Bullom; Soloccoo, king of Bagroo; Kennefarree, chief of Sherbro Island; Will Adoo, chief of Jenkins; and Ya Comba, queen of Ya Comba, by her lawful representatives and next

of kin, Thomas Caulker, chief of Bompey, and George Caulker, chief of Tasso and the Plantain Isles, with the advice and consent of their tributary chiefs and headmen, have mutually agreed as follows:

1st. Banka, king of Sherbro, by the advice and consent of his said tributary kings, chiefs, and headmen, and the said Thomas Caulker and George Caulker, representatives of the said Ya Comba, queen of Ya Comba, have, for themselves, their tributary kings, chiefs, headmen, and people, for them, their heirs and successors for ever, ceded, transferred, and given over unto his said excellency Charles Turner, governor of the said colony of Sierra Leone, and his successors, the governors of the said colony for the time being, for the use and on the behalf of his majesty the king of Great Britain and Ireland, and his successors, the full, entire, free, and unlimited right, title, possession, and sovereignty of all the territories and dominions to them respectively belonging, being situate between the southern bank of the Camaranca river on the north, and the town of Camalay and the line which separates the territories of king Sherbro from those of the queen of the Galinas, on the south; together with all and every right and title to the navigation, anchorage, waterage, fishing, and other revenue and maritime claims in and over the said territories, and the rivers, harbours, bays, creeks, inlets, and waters of the same.

2nd. The said Charles Turner, for himself and his successors, the governors of the said colony of Sierra Leone for the time being, on the part and behalf of his said Britannic majesty, agrees to accept