It is also agreed, that when any British articles imported into the custom-houses of the empire of Brazil may have no determinate value in the tariff, and it is wished to pass them for consumption, the importer of such articles shall sign a declaration of their value, in order to their being passed; but in case the custom-house officers shall consider the said valuation improper, they shall be at liberty to take the goods so valued; paying the importer 10 per cent upon the said valuation within the period of 15 days, reckoning from the first day of detention, and restoring the duties paid; following for this purpose the practice observed in the custom-houses of Great Britain. 23. In the same manner all goods, merchandise, and articles whatsoever, of the produce, manufacture, or invention, of the Brazilian territory, imported directly for consumption into the territories and possessions of his Britannic Majesty in Europe, or in his American and African colonies which may be open to foreign commerce, shall not pay higher duties than they now pay, or than henceforth may pay similar articles imported in similar manner by subjects of the most favoured nation. It is also agreed to declare, that with the exception of Portugal, no other nation shall be more favoured in matters of commerce than Great Britain.

24. Certain articles of the produce of Brazil, not being admitted for consumption in Great Britain, his Britannic Majesty stipulates that such articles may be warehoused for re-exportation, conformably to the law, without being subject to greater duties than are, or henceforth may be, imposed upon similar articles of the produce of the British colonies.

Following the same rule, articles the produce of British colonies which are identical with articles of Brazilian produce which are not admitted for consumption in the British custom-houses, shall be admitted into Brazil solely for reexportation, under the same advantages as are conceded to the like articles in the British customhouses.

25. All goods and merchandise exported from the British dominions, or any of the ports of his Imperial Majesty, shall be accompanied by the original cockets, signed by the proper custom-house officers in the port of embarkation; the cockets of each ship being progressively numbered and attached by the official seal of the British custom-house to the manifest, which must be sworn before the Brazilian consul, in order that the whole may be so presented to the customhouse of the port of entry. The origin of goods imported into Brazil from British dominions in which there is no custom-house, shall be authenticated by the formalities observed when goods are imported from such possessions into Great Britain.

26. His Britannic majesty binds himself in his own name, and in the name of his successors, to allow the subjects of his Imperial Majesty to trade in his ports and seas of Asia, to the extent in which the same permission is, or may be, granted to the most favoured nation. His Imperial Majesty, however, reserves to himself the power of imposing heavy duties on articles of produce or manufacture of British India, whether imported on account of Brazilian or British subjects, when such articles are not shipped on board of Brazilian vessels.

27. All goods or merchandise of the produce or manufacture of the British dominions, which may be brought to the ports of Brazil to be landed or re-exported, shall pay the duties which are at present established. In all cases in which bounties or drawbacks are granted on merchandise exported from any of the ports of the high contracting parties, the bounties and drawbacks shall in all respects be equal, whether the re-exportation be effected in Brazilian or British ships.

28. His Imperial Majesty stipulates in his own name, and in the name of his successors, that the trade of British subjects within his dominions shall never be restricted nor affected by the operation of any monopoly or exclusive privilege of sale or purchase whatever, nor by favours conceded to any commercial company; but, on the contrary, that the subjects of his Britannic Majesty shall have free and unrestrained permission to buy and sell from and to all persons whatever, and in whatever form and manner they may please, without being obliged to give preference to any commercial companies, or individuals who possess, or may possess, exclusive privileges.

And his Britannic Majesty sti

pulates on his part faithfully to observe the same principle.

Articles which are or may be made property of the crown as national revenue, are not comprehended under this rule, inasmuch as they are not allowed to enter into general commerce.

29. His Imperial Majesty is pleased to grant to the subjects of his Britannic Majesty the privilege of being assignees of the Brazilian customs under the same conditions and securities as Brazilian subjects. On the other part it is agreed and stipulated that Brazilian subjects shall enjoy in the British customhouses the same favour, in as far as is allowed by the law, and permitted to the subjects of his Britannic Majesty.

30. The high contracting parties agree that the stipulations contained in the present treaty shall be perpetual, with the exception of articles 14, 15, 22, 23, 26, and 28, which shall remain in force for the period of ten years, reckoning from the ratification of the same treaty.

31. Stipulates that the ratifications shall be exchanged in London within the space of 14 months, or sooner if possible.

Done in the city of Rio de Janeiro, October 18, 1825.

In the name of the Most Holy Trinity.

Extensive commercial intercourse having been established for a series of years between the dominions of his Britannic majesty, and the several provinces or countries of

America, which (now united) constitute the State of Colombia, it seems good for the security as well as encouragement of such commercial intercourse, and for the maintenance of good understanding between his said Britannic majesty

and the said State, that the relations now subsisting between them should be regularly acknowledged and confirmed by the signature of a Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation. For this purpose they have named their respective plenipotentiaries, that is to say His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, John Potter Hamilton, esq. and Patrick Campbell, esq.; and the Vice-president charged with the executive power of the State of Colombia, Pedro Gual, Secretary of state in the department for Foreign Affairs, and general Pedro Briceno Mendezwho, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found to be in due and proper form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles:

Art. 1.-There shall be perpetual, firm, and sincere amity between the dominions and subjects of his majesty the king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, his heirs, and successors, and the State and people of Colombia.

Art. 2.-There shall be, between all the territories of his Britannic majesty in Europe, and the territories of Colombia, a reciprocal freedom of commerce. The subjects and citizens of the two countries, respectively, shall have liberty freely and securely, to come with their ships and cargoes, to all such places, ports, and rivers, in the territories aforesaid, to which other foreigners, are or may be permitted to come, to enter into the same, and to remain and reside in any part of the said territories, respectively; also to hire and occupy houses and warehouses for the purposes of their commerce; and, generally, the merchants and VOL. LXVII.

traders of each nation, respectively, shall enjoy the most complete protection and security for their commerce; subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries respectively.

Art. 3. His majesty the king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland engages further, that the citizens of Colombia shall have the like liberty of commerce and navigation stipulated for in the preceding article, in all his dominions situated out of Europe, to the full extent in which the same is permitted at present, or shall be permitted hereafter, to any other nation.

Art. 4.-No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of his Britannic majesty, of any articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of Colombia-and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of Colombia, of any articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of his Britannic majesty's dominions, than are or shall be payable on the like articles being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country; nor shall any other or higher duties or charges be imposed in the territories or dominions of either of the contracting parties, on the exportation of any articles to the territories or dominions of the other, than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country; nor shall any prohibition be imposed upon the exportation, or importation of any articles, the growth, produce or manufacture of his Britannic majesty's dominions, or of the said territories of Colombia, to or from the said dominions of his Britannic F*

sonal estates, and the disposal of personal property of every sort and denomination, by sale, donation, exchange, or testament, or in any other manner whatsoever, as also the administration of justice, the subjects and citizens of the two contracting parties shall enjoy, in their respective dominions and territories, the same privileges, liberties, and rights, as the most favoured nation, and shall not be charged, in any of these respects, with any higher imposts or duties than those which are paid, or may be paid, by the native subjects or citizens of the power in whose dominions or territories they may be resident.

They shall be exempted from all compulsory military service whatsoever, whether by sea or land, and from all forced loans, or military exactions and requisitions; neither shall they be compelled to pay any ordinary taxes, under any pretext whatsoever, greater than those that are paid by the subjects or citizens of one or other power.

Art. 10.-It shall be free for each of the two contracting parties to appoint consuls for the protection of trade, to reside in the dominions and territories of the other party; but before any consul shall act as such, he shall, in the usual form, be approved and admitted by the government to which he is sent; and either of the contracting parties may except from the residence of consuls, such particular places as either of them may judge fit to be so excepted.

Art. 11.-For the better security of commerce between the subjects of his Britannic majesty and the citizens of Colombia, it is agreed, that if at any time any interruption of friendly commercial intercourse, or any rupture should unfortu

nately take place between the two contracting parties, the subjects or citizens of either of the contracting parties, residing in the dominions of the other, shall have the privilege of remaining and continuing their trade therein, without any manner of interruption, so long as they behave peaceably, and commit no offence against the laws; and their effects and property, whether intrusted to individuals or to the state, shall not be liable to seizure or sequestration, or to any other demands than those which may be made upon the like effects or property belonging to the native inhabitants of the state in which such subjects or citizens may reside.

Art. 12. The subjects of his Britannic majesty residing in the territories of the state of Colombia shall enjoy the most perfect and entire security of conscience, without being annoyed, prevented, or disturbed on account of their religious belief. Neither shall they be annoyed, molested, or disturbed in the proper exercise of their religion, provided that this take place in private houses, and with the decorum due to divine worship, with due respect to the laws, usages, and customs of the country. Liberty shall also be granted to bury the subjects of his Britannic majesty, who may die in the said territories of Colombia, in convenient and adequate places, to be appointed and established by themselves for that purpose, with the knowledge of the local authorities. Nor shall the funerals or sepulchres of the dead be disturbed in any wise, nor upon any account. In the like manner, the citizens of Colombia shall enjoy within all the dominions of his Britannic majesty, a perfect and unrestrained